scholarly journals Directions of changes in the functioning of economic instruments for environmental policy in Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Environmental Expenditures ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Review Reports

Environmental policy instruments allow to incorporate the problem of using the natural resources into the decision-making process of individual agents. One of the most efficient instruments for environmental protection are economic instruments, the indirect methods of influence on agents’ behavior. The aim of the article is to present the state of the Polish system of economic instruments in the light of other European countries’ experiences (especially European Union countries) and perspectives in the use of economic instruments for environmental policy during the coming years. The study is based on the literature review, reports ordered by the Polish Ministry of Environment and publications published by The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Environment Agency (EEA). The analysis suggests that economic instruments are widely used in Polish environmental policy. The main economic instruments in this policy are environmental charges and fines. Some of these charges and fines have been used in Polish environmental for several dozen years. Revenues from these instruments are earmarked for environmental expenditures. There are also some new, interesting economic instruments in Polish environmental policy, such as: deposit-refund systems, tradable energy certificates and emissions trading scheme. There are some opportunities for expanding the use of economic instruments for environmental policy in Poland. For example, there could be increased use of some environmental charges or taxes, and the environmental insurance. Poland could also implement an environmental tax reform.

Germany's Energy Transition Under Attack: Is There an Inscrutable German Sonderweg ?

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gawel ◽  
Sebastian Strunz ◽  
Paul Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
German Energy Policy ◽  
Trading Scheme

The German energy transition repeatedly faces harsh critiques questioning its economic and environmental merits. This article defends the energy transition and argues that Germany has chosen an economically efficient and particularly forceful approach to securing a sustainable energy supply. Though current expenditures are high, the long-term benefits of transforming the energy system to a renewables-based system are likely to outweigh present investment costs. Furthermore, support policies for renewables are not redundant-as some critics claim-but instead complement other policy instruments, such as the emissions trading scheme. This article also addresses the motives behind the discrediting attacks on the German energy policy regime. Defensive actions by beneficiaries of the former energy market structure are only to be expected, but the attacks from liberal economists are astonishingly fierce.

Using Economic Instruments to Fix the Liability of Polluters in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Sukanya Das ◽  
MN Murty ◽  
Kavita Sardana
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Pollution Assessment ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Environmental Policy Instruments ◽  
And Control

This review paper highlights the informational requirements for the effective use of environmental policy instruments to achieve ambient standards of pollution in India. A section on the Integrated Urban Air Pollution Assessment Model is attempted to identify data requirements for, and information gaps associated with, using these instruments. We review the available information and identify informational gaps that thwart the realization of ambient standards of environmental quality. In India, command-and-control instruments are arbitrarily used to assign liability without taking cognizance of economic estimates. The available cost–benefit estimates of air and water pollution, combined with air quality modelling for urban areas and water quality modelling, are essential inputs for using environmental policy instruments to ensure compliance with ambient standards. We discuss how to use economic estimates while designing and using economic instruments such as pollution taxes and pollution permits, in addition to command and control.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL TAXION TRENDS IN EUROPE

2019 ◽  
pp. 08-22
Author(s):  
Viktor KOZIUK ◽  
Oksana SHYMANSKA ◽  
Kazymyr VOZNYI
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Environmental Policy Instruments

Introduction. EU countries are showing an increasing trend towards the priority of the public good “clean ecology”. Environmental taxation not only exerts fiscal, but above all, corrective influence on the behavior of economic agents. Nonetheless, the fiscal design of environmental taxes and their composition as a source of budget revenue remains an issue that needs further study. Purpose is to track current environmental tax trends in Europe, the evolution of environmental policy instruments in EU countries, to analyze their economic and social impact; to identify problems with the existing environmental taxation system in Ukraine. Methods. In researching current environmental tax trends in Europe, identifying the stages of evolution of environmental policy instruments, analyzing their impact on the economy and social sphere, substantiating the problems of the existing system of environmental taxation in Ukraine, a number of scientific and special methods of research were used, in particular: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, generalization, statistical, graphic, tabular. Results. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of different types of environmental taxes in the EU-28 countries for the period 1995–2017 (gross, energy, transport, pollution taxes, resources), a general tendency for their increase was revealed. In a comparative analysis of growth dynamics of total environmental taxes (TET), taxes on CO2 and greenhouse gases in the same sample of countries during the study period, a tendency was found to exceed the growth rate of TET over the reducing harmful emissions, which confirms the implementation of environmental taxes fiscal function, than corrective one. It has been stated that, despite the coherence and systematic nature of European countries' environmental tax policy, compensating for “environmental losses” indirectly increases its sensitivity to public sector efficiency and breaks the link between environmental taxation and the public good “clean ecology”. At the same time, problems were identified in the field of environmental taxation in Ukraine, in particular to the lack of an effective model of taxation, due to the inconsistency of the revenue mechanisms and proportions of the distribution of environmental taxes between budgets of different levels. Conclusions. Further research suggests focusing on assessing efficiency level of the environmental tax system in European countries, which will create the basis for improving the latter in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Bukanov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Environmental Goods

The article considers ecological and economic instruments in the context of implementation of the state ecological policy and sustainable development of regions. The number of eco-policy instruments used for economic protection of the environment is constantly changing and expanding. The features that characterize economic instruments are identified: the theoretical basis for the use of economic instruments is the idea of external environmental costs, which are expressed in the negative forms of impact of production and consumption of the environment; secondly, environmental and economic instruments are aimed, on the one hand, on the economic support of rational nature management, and on the other - on environmental protection; third, the basis for the practical application of economic instruments are the principles of "polluter pays" and "user pays"; fourth, economic instruments contribute to the development of a "green" economy, which is the driving force of sustainable (balanced) development. Environmental and economic instruments determine the financial strategy, and this is a solid foundation for the concept of sustainable development. There are two main groups of environmental and economic instruments of state regulation in the field of environmental protection: the first group is represented by fiscal and budgetary economic instruments (environmental taxation, environmental payments and fees, environmental regulation and penalties for violations of environmental legislation), the second group of economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy is related to the system of financial and economic incentives for environmental activities (preferential taxes, soft loans, subsidies, market formation of environmental goods and services). The main directions of improving the implementation of economic instruments of public administration in the field of environmental protection are identified.

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