scholarly journals Sturmian Sequences and Invertible Substitutions

2011 ◽  
Vol Vol. 13 no. 2 (Combinatorics) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Peng ◽  
Bo Tan

Combinatorics International audience It is known that a Sturmian sequence S can be defined as a coding of the orbit of rho (called the intercept of S) under a rotation of irrational angle alpha (called the slope). On the other hand, a fixed point of an invertible substitution is Sturmian. Naturally, there are two interrelated questions: (1) Given an invertible substitution, we know that its fixed point is Sturmian. What is the slope and intercept? (2) Which kind of Sturmian sequences can be fixed by certain non-trivial invertible substitutions? In this paper we give a unified treatment to the two questions. We remark that though the results are known, our proof is very elementary and concise.

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-468
Author(s):  
Henning Basold ◽  
Helle Hvid Hansen

Abstract We define notions of well-definedness and observational equivalence for programs of mixed inductive and coinductive types. These notions are defined by means of tests formulas which combine structural congruence for inductive types and modal logic for coinductive types. Tests also correspond to certain evaluation contexts. We define a program to be well-defined if it is strongly normalizing under all tests, and two programs are observationally equivalent if they satisfy the same tests. We show that observational equivalence is sufficiently coarse to ensure that least and greatest fixed point types are initial algebras and final coalgebras, respectively. This yields inductive and coinductive proof principles for reasoning about program behaviour. On the other hand, we argue that observational equivalence does not identify too many terms, by showing that tests induce a topology that, on streams, coincides with usual topology induced by the prefix metric. As one would expect, observational equivalence is, in general, undecidable, but in order to develop some practically useful heuristics we provide coinductive techniques for establishing observational normalization and observational equivalence, along with up-to techniques for enhancing these methods.


2015 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings, 27th... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Beil

International audience Triangular fully packed loop configurations (TFPLs) came up in the study of fully packed loop configurations on a square (FPLs) corresponding to link patterns with a large number of nested arches. To a TFPL is assigned a triple $(u,v;w)$ of $01$-words encoding its boundary conditions. A necessary condition for the boundary $(u,v;w)$ of a TFPL is $\lvert \lambda(u) \rvert +\lvert \lambda(v) \rvert \leq \lvert \lambda(w) \rvert$, where $\lambda(u)$ denotes the Young diagram associated with the $01$-word $u$. Wieland gyration, on the other hand, was invented to show the rotational invariance of the numbers $A_\pi$ of FPLs corresponding to a given link pattern $\pi$. Later, Wieland drift was defined as the natural adaption of Wieland gyration to TFPLs. The main contribution of this article is a linear expression for the number of TFPLs with boundary $(u,v;w)$ where $\lvert \lambda (w) \rvert - \lvert\lambda (u) \rvert - \lvert \lambda (v)\rvert \leq 2$ in terms of numbers of stable TFPLs that is TFPLs invariant under Wieland drift. These stable TFPLs have boundary $(u^{+},v^{+};w)$ for words $u^{+}$ and $v^{+}$ such that $\lambda (u) \subseteq \lambda (u^{+})$ and $\lambda (v) \subseteq \lambda (v^{+})$. Les configurations de boucles compactes triangulaires (”triangular fully packed loop configurations”, ou TFPLs) sont apparues dans l’étude des configurations de boucles compactes dans un carré (FPLs) correspondant à des motifs de liaison avec un grand nombre d’arcs imbriqués. À chaque TPFL on associe un triplet $(u,v;w)$ de mots sur {0,1}, qui encode ses conditions aux bords. Une condition nécessaire pour le bord $(u,v;w)$ d’un TFPL est $\lvert \lambda(u) \rvert +\lvert \lambda(v) \rvert \leq \lvert \lambda(w) \rvert$, où $\lambda(u)$ désigne le diagramme de Young associé au mot $u$. D’un autre côté, la giration de Wieland a été inventée pour montrer l’invariance par rotation des nombres $A_\pi$ de FPLs correspondant à un motif de liaison donné $\pi$. Plus tard, la déviation de Wieland a été définie pour adapter de manière naturelle la giration de Wieland aux TFPLs. La contribution principale de cet article est une expression linéaire pour le nombre de TFPLs de bord $(u,v;w)$, où $\lvert \lambda (w) \rvert - \lvert\lambda (u) \rvert - \lvert \lambda (v)\rvert \leq 2$, en fonction des nombres de TFPLs stables, <i>i.e</i>., les TFPLs invariants par déviation de Wieland. Ces TFPLs stables ont pour bord $(u^{+},v^{+};w)$, avec $u^{+}$ et $v^{+}$ des mots tels que $\lambda (u) \subseteq \lambda (u^{+})$ et $\lambda (v) \subseteq \lambda (v^{+})$.


2014 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AT,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Farber ◽  
Alexander Postnikov

International audience We discuss arrangements of equal minors in totally positive matrices. More precisely, we would like to investigate the structure of possible equalities and inequalities between the minors. We show that arrangements of equals minors of largest value are in bijection with <i>sorted sets</i>, which earlier appeared in the context of <i>alcoved polytopes</i> and Gröbner bases. Maximal arrangements of this form correspond to simplices of the alcoved triangulation of the hypersimplex; and the number of such arrangements equals the <i>Eulerian number</i>. On the other hand, we conjecture and prove in many cases that arrangements of equal minors of smallest value are exactly the <i>weakly separated sets</i>. Weakly separated sets, originally introduced by Leclerc and Zelevinsky, are closely related to the \textitpositive Grassmannian and the associated <i>cluster algebra</i>.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandson S. Ribeiro ◽  
Matthias Thimm

Restoring consistency of a knowledge base, known as consolidation, should preserve as much information as possible of the original knowledge base. On the one hand, the field of belief change captures this principle of minimal change via rationality postulates. On the other hand, within the field of inconsistency measurement, culpability measures have been developed to assess how much a formula participates in making a knowledge base inconsistent. We look at culpability measures as a tool to disclose epistemic preference relations and build rational consolidation functions. We introduce tacit culpability measures that consider semantic counterparts between conflicting formulae, and we define a special class of these culpability measures based on a fixed-point characterisation: the stable tacit culpability measures. We show that the stable tacit culpability measures yield rational consolidation functions and that these are also the only culpability measures that yield rational consolidation functions.


Moreana ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (Number 153- (1-2) ◽  
pp. 120-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard B. Norland

The nature of the personal relationship between More and Elyot remains something of a mystery, but their political perspectives reflect the similarities and differences in their public experience and sources of inspiration. More’s Utopia (1516) grew out of his interaction with European scholars and political leaders; composed in Latin for an international audience, the work moves from particular social problems in England to a radical alternative conceptualized in detail. The Governor (1531), written in English and addressed to the aristocracy, resulted from Elyot’s years as a middle-level public administrator. Practical rather than imaginative, Elyot finds the principles of governance mainly in Aristotle and Cicero; on the other hand, More, inspired primarily by Plato and Lucian, creates a social construct against which contemporary societies should be measured. Each reflecting his own perspective, Elyot emphasizes individual, personal virtues while More focuses on social values. The conservative Elyot endorses the hierarchal society governed by a monarch through his governors in contrast with More, who represents an elective meritocracy.


2005 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AE,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Berke ◽  
Tibor Szabó

International audience We show that any graph of maximum degree at most $3$ has a two-coloring, such that one color-class is an independent set while the other color induces monochromatic components of order at most $189$. On the other hand for any constant $C$ we exhibit a $4$-regular graph, such that the deletion of any independent set leaves at least one component of order greater than $C$. Similar results are obtained for coloring graphs of given maximum degree with $k+ \ell$ colors such that $k$ parts form an independent set and $\ell$ parts span components of order bounded by a constant. A lot of interesting questions remain open.


2011 ◽  
Vol 52-54 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Ning Chen ◽  
Bao Dan Tian ◽  
Ji Qian Chen

In this paper, some new results are given for the common random solution for a class of random operator equations which generalize several results in [4], [5] and [6] in Banach space. On the other hand, Altman’s inequality is also extending into the type of the determinant form. And comparing some solution for several examples, main results are theorem 2.3, theorem 3.3-3.4, theorem 4.1 and theorem 4.3.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minwoo Suh

Abstract In six- and seven-dimensional gauged supergravity, each scalar potential has one supersymmetric and one non-supersymmetric fixed points. The non-supersymmetric AdS7 fixed point is perturbatively unstable. On the other hand, the non-supersymmetric AdS6 fixed point is known to be perturbatively stable. In this note we examine the newly proposed non-perturbative decay channel, called brane-jet instabilities of the AdS6 and AdS7 vacua. We find that when they are uplifted to massive type IIA and eleven- dimensional supergravity, respectively, the non-supersymmetric AdS6 and AdS7 vacua are both brane-jet unstable, in fond of the weak gravity conjecture.


Erkenntnis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Castaldo

AbstractThis article compares classical (or -like) and nonclassical (or -like) axiomatisations of the fixed-point semantics developed by Kripke (J Philos 72(19): 690–716, 1975). Following the line of investigation of Halbach and Nicolai (J Philos Logic 47(2): 227–257, 2018), we do not compare and qua theories of truth simpliciter, but rather qua axiomatisations of the Kripkean conception of truth. We strengthen the central results of Halbach and Nicolai (2018) and Nicolai (Stud Log 106(1): 101–130, 2018), showing that, on the one hand, there is a stronger sense in which some variants of and some variants of can be taken to be, truth-theoretically, equivalent. On the other hand, we show that this truth-theoretical equivalence is not preserved by some other variants of and , arguing that the variants are more adequate axiomatisations of the fixed-point semantics than the corresponding variants.


1960 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Naghdi

This investigation is concerned with an examination of the validity of Saint Venant’s principle in the theory of thin elastic shells and plates. With the aid of an integral formula derived for the displacements and their relevant partial derivatives of all orders at a fixed point of the shell middle surface, the conclusions reached may be roughly stated as follows: If the loads acting on the shell maintained in equilibrium are purely edge loads, then the orders of magnitude of the displacements and stresses are in accord with the traditional statement of Saint Venant’s principle. On the other hand, if the loads on the shell are purely surface loads, then the conclusions concerning the orders of magnitude of the displacements and stresses are the same as those of the modified Saint Venant principle.


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