Assimilation Research of Wind Stress Drag Coefficient Based on the Linear Expression

The wind stress drag coefficient plays an important role in storm surge models. This study reveals the influences of wind stress drag coefficients, which are given in form of formulas and inverted by the data assimilation method, on the storm surge levels in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea during Typhoon 7008. In the process of data assimilation, the drag coefficient is based on the linear expression Cd = (a + b × U10) × 10−3 (generally speaking, a and b are empirical parameters determined by observed data). The results showed that the performance of the data assimilation method was far superior to those of drag coefficient formulas. Additionally, the simulated storm surge levels obviously changed in the neighborhood of typhoon eye. Furthermore, the effect of initial values of a and b in the Cd expression on the storm surge levels was also investigated when employing the data assimilation method. The results indicated that the simulation of storm surge level was the closest to the observation when a and b were simultaneously equal to zero, whereas the simulations had slight differences when the initial values of a and b were separately equal to the drag coefficients from the work of Smith, Wu, and Geernaert et al. Therefore, we should choose appropriate initial values for a and b by using the data assimilation method. As a whole, the data assimilation method is much better than drag coefficient parameterization formulas in the simulation of storm surges.

The Measurement of Chinese Sentence Semantic Complexity

The complexity of language is usually reflected in the complexity of sentences. At present, the research of sentence complexity mainly focuses on the analysis of syntactic complexity. In this paper, from the perspective of Leech's theory of sentence semantic structure, the predication structure is taken as the semantic unit to explore the sentence semantic complexity. The predication structures are extracted based on the result of sentence-based syntactic analysis, and then the linear expression sequence of a sentence is converted into a semantic hierarchy based on predicate semantic frameworks; the universality of predicate semantic frameworks is obtained by using the spectral clustering algorithm; and the sentence semantic complexity depends on the universality of predicate semantic frameworks at various layers. The experimental results show that the measurement method of sentence sematic complexity based on predicate semantic frameworks is more effective by comparing with the method that only considers the semantic categories of words in the sentence.

Linear Regression on Internet Banking Adoption Dataset Using WEKA

Data mining or knowledge discovery in the database (KDD) is an excellent process to find out valuable information from a large collection of data. Data mining has successfully been used in different fields such as medical, marketing, banking, business, weather forecasting, etc. For the banking industry, data mining, its importance, and its techniques are vital because it helps to extract useful information from a large amount of historical data which enable to make useful decisions. Data mining is very useful for banking sector for better acquiring and targeting new customers and helps to analyze customers and their transaction behaviors. In the recent era, a new technology that has achieved considerable attention, especially among banks, is internet banking. Its large scope of applications, its advantages brings an immoderate change in a common human's life. Linear regression is one of the most commonly used and applied data mining techniques. Linear regression is really a very fast and simple regression algorithm and can give the best performance if the output variable of your data is a linear grouping of your inputs. In this paper, the linear regression is applied on internet banking adoption dataset in order to compute the weights or coefficients of linear expression and provides the predicted class value. The analysis here is done with the help of WEKA tool for data mining.

IgG Subclass Expression in Diabetic Nephropathy

Background: This study aimed to analyze the distribution of IgG subclasses in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its association with clinico-pathological features. Methods: Forty DN cases were analyzed to identify IgG subclasses, as well as collagen IV α5, CD34, and KIM-1.Results: Both IgG and its subclasses showed a linear expression and overlapped with collagen IV α5 on glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and some of tubular basement membrane (TBM), without complement deposition. Eleven cases of IgG subclass deposition along both GBM and TBM were associated with more proteinuria. Five cases of TBM-only IgG subclass deposition were accompanied with less KIM-1 positivity and more arteriosclerosis. The major IgG subclasses expressed on GBM were IgG1 and IgG2, while TBM expression was mainly IgG1 and IgG3. Glomerular IgG1-positive status was associated with less CD34 expression, while IgG2-positive status was associated with thicker GBM. Expression of multiple IgG subclasses along TBM showed less KIM-1 positivity and interstitial inflammation than those with isotype or no IgG subclass expression.Conclusions: IgG subclasses were selectively deposited along GBM and TBM in DN, which was determined by their profiles and severity of glomerular/tubular injury. IgG and its subclass deposition is not causal, but the consequence of renal injury and these positive statuses are associated with different DN injuries.

Increasing cell-free gene expression yields from linear templates in Escherichia coli and Vibrio natriegens extracts by using DNA-binding proteins

In crude extract-based cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS), DNA templates are transcribed and translated into functional proteins. Although linear expression templates (LETs) are less laborious and expensive to generate, plasmid templates are often desired over PCR-generated LETs due to increased stability and protection against exonucleases present in the extract of the reaction. Here we demonstrate that addition of a dsDNA-binding protein to the CFPS reaction, termed single-chain Cro protein (scCro), achieves terminal protection of LETs. This CroP-LET (scCro-based Protection of LET) method effectively increases sfGFP expression levels from LETs in Escherichia coli CFPS reactions by 6-fold. Our yields are comparable to other strategies that provide chemical and enzymatic DNA stabilization in E. coli CFPS. Notably, we also report that the CroP-LET method successfully enhanced yields in CFPS platforms derived from non-model organisms. Our results show that CroP-LET increased sfGFP yields by 18-fold in the Vibrio natriegens CFPS platform. With the fast-expanding applications of CFPS platforms, this method provides a practical and generalizable solution to protect linear expression DNA templates.

Triangular Fully Packed Loop Configurations of Excess 2

Triangular fully packed loop configurations (TFPLs) came up in the study of fully packed loop configurations on a square (FPLs) corresponding to link patterns with a large number of nested arches. To a TFPL is assigned a triple $(u,v;w)$ of $01$-words encoding its boundary conditions which must necessarily satisfy that $d(u)+d(v)\leq d(w)$, where $d(u)$ denotes the number of inversions in $u$. Wieland gyration, on the other hand, was invented to show the rotational invariance of the numbers of FPLs having given link patterns. Later, Wieland drift — a map on TFPLs that is based on Wieland gyration — was defined. The main contribution of this article will be a linear expression for the number of TFPLs with boundary $(u,v;w)$ where $d(w)-d(u)-d(v)=2$ in terms of numbers of stable TFPLs, that is, TFPLs invariant under Wieland drift. This linear expression generalises already existing enumeration results for TFPLs with boundary $(u,v;w)$ where $d(w)-d(u)-d(v)=0,1$.

On the Linearization of Multibody Dynamics Formulations

The dynamics equations of multibody systems are often expressed in the form of a system of highly nonlinear Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs). Some applications of multibody dynamics, however, require a linear expression of the equations of motion. Such is the case of the plant representations demanded by a wide variety of control algorithms and the system models needed by state estimators like Kalman filters. The choice of generalized coordinates used to describe a mechanical system greatly influences the behavior of the resultant linearized models and the way in which they convey information about the original system dynamics. Several approaches to arrive at the linearized dynamics equations have been proposed in the literature. In this work, these were categorized into three major groups, defined by the way in which the kinematic constraints are handled. The properties of each approach and the differences between them were studied through the linearization of the dynamics of a simple example with a method representative of each class.

Improved Estimates by Means of Airy-Type Analysis

This chapter turns to the proof of a proposition from the previous chapter. Given the operators appearing in that proposition, this chapter establishes the endpoint result thereof by means of Stein's interpolation theorem for analytic families of operators. It constructs analytic families of complex measure μ‎subscript Greek small letter zeta, for ζ‎ in the complex strip Σ‎ given by 0 ≤ Reζ‎ ≤ 1, by introducing complex coefficients in the sums defining the measures ν‎subscript Greek small letter delta,jsuperscript V and ν‎subscript Greek small letter delta,jsuperscript V I, respectively. These coefficients are chosen as exponentials of suitable affine-linear expression in ζ‎ in such a way that, in particular, μ‎subscript Greek small letter theta subscript c = ν‎subscript Greek small letter delta,jsuperscript V I, respectively, μ‎subscript Greek small letter theta subscript c = ν‎subscript Greek small letter delta,jsuperscript V I. As it turns out, the main problem consists in establishing suitable uniform bounds for the measure μ‎subscript Greek small letter zeta when ζ‎ lies on the right boundary line of Σ‎.

Triangular fully packed loop configurations of excess 2

International audience Triangular fully packed loop configurations (TFPLs) came up in the study of fully packed loop configurations on a square (FPLs) corresponding to link patterns with a large number of nested arches. To a TFPL is assigned a triple $(u,v;w)$ of $01$-words encoding its boundary conditions. A necessary condition for the boundary $(u,v;w)$ of a TFPL is $\lvert \lambda(u) \rvert +\lvert \lambda(v) \rvert \leq \lvert \lambda(w) \rvert$, where $\lambda(u)$ denotes the Young diagram associated with the $01$-word $u$. Wieland gyration, on the other hand, was invented to show the rotational invariance of the numbers $A_\pi$ of FPLs corresponding to a given link pattern $\pi$. Later, Wieland drift was defined as the natural adaption of Wieland gyration to TFPLs. The main contribution of this article is a linear expression for the number of TFPLs with boundary $(u,v;w)$ where $\lvert \lambda (w) \rvert - \lvert\lambda (u) \rvert - \lvert \lambda (v)\rvert \leq 2$ in terms of numbers of stable TFPLs that is TFPLs invariant under Wieland drift. These stable TFPLs have boundary $(u^{+},v^{+};w)$ for words $u^{+}$ and $v^{+}$ such that $\lambda (u) \subseteq \lambda (u^{+})$ and $\lambda (v) \subseteq \lambda (v^{+})$. Les configurations de boucles compactes triangulaires (”triangular fully packed loop configurations”, ou TFPLs) sont apparues dans l’étude des configurations de boucles compactes dans un carré (FPLs) correspondant à des motifs de liaison avec un grand nombre d’arcs imbriqués. À chaque TPFL on associe un triplet $(u,v;w)$ de mots sur {0,1}, qui encode ses conditions aux bords. Une condition nécessaire pour le bord $(u,v;w)$ d’un TFPL est $\lvert \lambda(u) \rvert +\lvert \lambda(v) \rvert \leq \lvert \lambda(w) \rvert$, où $\lambda(u)$ désigne le diagramme de Young associé au mot $u$. D’un autre côté, la giration de Wieland a été inventée pour montrer l’invariance par rotation des nombres $A_\pi$ de FPLs correspondant à un motif de liaison donné $\pi$. Plus tard, la déviation de Wieland a été définie pour adapter de manière naturelle la giration de Wieland aux TFPLs. La contribution principale de cet article est une expression linéaire pour le nombre de TFPLs de bord $(u,v;w)$, où $\lvert \lambda (w) \rvert - \lvert\lambda (u) \rvert - \lvert \lambda (v)\rvert \leq 2$, en fonction des nombres de TFPLs stables, <i>i.e</i>., les TFPLs invariants par déviation de Wieland. Ces TFPLs stables ont pour bord $(u^{+},v^{+};w)$, avec $u^{+}$ et $v^{+}$ des mots tels que $\lambda (u) \subseteq \lambda (u^{+})$ et $\lambda (v) \subseteq \lambda (v^{+})$.