More’s and Elyot’s Perspectives and their Classical Antecedents
The nature of the personal relationship between More and Elyot remains something of a mystery, but their political perspectives reflect the similarities and differences in their public experience and sources of inspiration. More’s Utopia (1516) grew out of his interaction with European scholars and political leaders; composed in Latin for an international audience, the work moves from particular social problems in England to a radical alternative conceptualized in detail. The Governor (1531), written in English and addressed to the aristocracy, resulted from Elyot’s years as a middle-level public administrator. Practical rather than imaginative, Elyot finds the principles of governance mainly in Aristotle and Cicero; on the other hand, More, inspired primarily by Plato and Lucian, creates a social construct against which contemporary societies should be measured. Each reflecting his own perspective, Elyot emphasizes individual, personal virtues while More focuses on social values. The conservative Elyot endorses the hierarchal society governed by a monarch through his governors in contrast with More, who represents an elective meritocracy.