Evaluation of Anchovy Meal and Soybean Meal as Dietary Protein Sources for the Black Sea Turbot, Psetta maxima

A production experiment was conducted with 96 fourteen-day-old weaned male piglets to compare diets containing preparations of freeze-dried porcine plasma (P) and freeze-dried bovine colostrum (C) for 35 days after weaning. These diets were compared with a diet consisting of soybean meal (SP) and a diet with animal protein sources (AP). All diets contained varying proportions of bloodmeal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal, and skim milk powder. The levels of colostrum and porcine plasma were reduced from 60 g/kg to 25 g/kg after the first week of weaning. There were no effects of diet on performance in the first 4 days after weaning. However, between 18 and 21 days of age, pigs fed the SP diet ate less (P < 0.001) and grew slower (P = 0.002) than pigs fed diets containing AP, C, or P. In the second week after weaning, pigs fed diets with C and P showed a tendency to perform better (P�=�0.11) than those fed AP or SP. By 35 days of age, pigs fed diets containing colostrum and plasma were, on average, 6% heavier (P = 0.037) than pigs fed the AP and SP diets. The effects of dietary protein on voluntary feed intake were most pronounced up to 28 days of age in pigs fed the SP diet. There appeared little benefit of feeding C and P to early-weaned pigs over feeding a predominantly animal protein diet, although daily gain was 6% less (P�= 0.47). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in feed intake and growth rate between 28 and 35 days of age, and feed conversion efficiency was not altered by dietary protein source. Under these experimental conditions the use of bovine colostrum and a combination of animal protein sources was comparable with using freeze-dried porcine plasma in diets for early-weaned pigs. Inclusion of soybean meal in diets, however, resulted in inferior performance.

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Cats Have Increased Protein Digestibility as Compared to Dogs and Improve Their Ability to Absorb Protein as Dietary Protein Intake Shifts from Animal to Plant Sources

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030541 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 541 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina Golder ◽

James L. Weemhoff ◽

Dennis E. Jewell

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Corn Gluten Meal ◽

Rice Protein ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Protein Absorption ◽

Corn Gluten

This retrospective study used 226 dogs and 296 cats to evaluate whether protein absorption was influenced by species, and within species, what influence increasing the percentage of total dietary protein, as plant protein, had on protein absorption. Each food was evaluated by at least one study with a minimum of six dogs or cats assigned to each study. Dietary inclusion of animal and plant based protein was calculated by analysis of ingredients and dietary inclusion level. Both dogs and cats were able to digest dietary plant protein, with protein digestibility in dogs unchanged as plant protein increased, while in cats, eating dry food, an increase in plant protein, was associated with increased protein digestibility. When individual plant high-concentration protein sources (excluding the protein from whole grains) were evaluated (i.e., soybean meal, soybean protein isolate, corn gluten meal, and rice protein concentrate) there was no response to increasing protein from these sources in the dog. In the cat, there was a significant positive effect on protein digestibility associated with an increasing concentration of corn gluten meal. In summary, as the dietary protein shifted from striated muscle and other animal proteins to plant based proteins, there was no effect in the dog, while in cats, increasing dietary plant protein was associated with increasing protein digestibility (5.5% increase at 50% protein from plants in dry cat food). Protein digestibility of food in dogs and cats is similar, if not enhanced, when the plant protein sources are concentrated from soybeans (soybean isolate, soybean meal), corn (corn gluten meal), or rice (rice protein concentrate).

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Effect of Protein Sources with Different Rumen Degradability in a Diet on the Efficiency of Utilization of Metabolizable Energy by Calves

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-47-325-2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 325-335

Author(s):

J. Sekine ◽

H. E. M. Kamel ◽

M. Hishinuma ◽

A. N. M. A. Fadel El-Seed ◽

S. Morita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Corn Gluten Meal ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Energy Retention ◽

Balance Trials

Abstract. To evaluate the effect of dietary protein of diverse rumen degradability on the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization by calves at the growth and maintenance levels of feeding. A total of 54 energy balance trials were conducted using 18 Holstein castrated male calves given four diets containing soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), heated soybean meal (HSBM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) as a main source of protein. The trials were carried out at the ages of 13 weeks for the growth (G) level of feeding and 15 weeks for maintenance (M) followed by the 24-h measurement of fasting (F) heat production after 3-day fasting. The dg values were 0.657, 0.543, 0.463 and 0.413 for SBM, CSM, HSBM and CGM, respectively. The regression analyses of energy retention (ER, kJ/W0.75) on the intake of ME (IME, kJ/W0.75) above the maintenance level revealed no significant differences among diets and gave a following pooled equation: ER = 0.56(±0.04)IME – 311, r = 0.897 (P<0.01). The below M level resulted in the following two distinct equations for the diet with a higher dg of protein source and that of a lower dg: ER = 0.77(±0.02)IME – 403, r = 0.994 (P<0.01) for SBM + CSM. ER = 0.60(±0.03)IME – 350, r = 0.982 (P<0.01) for HSBM + CGM. We concluded that ME utilization for maintenance may be influenced by the protein sources of different dg, but not for growth.

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Age and growth of the Black Sea turbot, Psetta maxima (Linneaus, 1758) (Pisces: Scophthalmidae), estimated by reading otoliths and by back-calculation

Journal of Applied Ichthyology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00743.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 374-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Zengin ◽

A. Gümüş ◽

D. Bostancı

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Age And Growth ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Back Calculation ◽

Psetta Maxima

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Genotyping and Pathogenicity of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus from Free-Living Turbot (Psetta maxima) in a Turkish Coastal Area of the Black Sea

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.72.4.2373-2378.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 2373-2378 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Toyohiko Nishizawa ◽

Hacı Savaş ◽

Hakan Işıdan ◽

Cennet Üstündağ ◽

Hiroshi Iwamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Black Sea ◽

Coastal Area ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽

Free Living ◽

Genotype I ◽

Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽

Psetta Maxima ◽

Mass Mortalities

ABSTRACT Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is one of the most serious fish viral diseases for cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), although VHS virus (VHSV) seems to be ubiquitous among marine fishes. In the present study, VHSV isolation was performed with free-living and cultured turbot (Psetta maxima) in the Trabzon coastal area of the Black Sea to evaluate participation of VHSV in mass mortalities of seed-produced turbot larvae. VHSV was detected in 14 of 66 free-living spawners (positive ratio, 21.2%), 1 of 65 free-living immature fish (1.5%) and 7 of 40 cultured brood stock (17.5%), respectively. Based on a partial glycoprotein gene nucleotide sequence, Turkish VHSV isolates were classified into the class I-e of genotype I and were the most closely related to the GE-1.2 isolate (>98% identity), which was found >20 years ago in Georgia. Thus, it was revealed that Turkish VHSV isolates were not introduced from European countries, it could be an indigenous type of VHSV distributing in the Black Sea environment. In pathogenicity tests, the Turkish isolates did not induce mortality in turbot larvae and rainbow trout fingerlings. Mass mortalities at a rate of approximately 90% occurred in turbot larvae produced by experimental seeding, although VHSV was not detected in any dead fish. Thus, it was concluded that mass mortality in the seed-produced turbot larvae was not caused by VHSV infection.

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