scholarly journals Cats Have Increased Protein Digestibility as Compared to Dogs and Improve Their Ability to Absorb Protein as Dietary Protein Intake Shifts from Animal to Plant Sources

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Golder ◽  
James L. Weemhoff ◽  
Dennis E. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Rice Protein ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Protein Absorption ◽  
Corn Gluten

This retrospective study used 226 dogs and 296 cats to evaluate whether protein absorption was influenced by species, and within species, what influence increasing the percentage of total dietary protein, as plant protein, had on protein absorption. Each food was evaluated by at least one study with a minimum of six dogs or cats assigned to each study. Dietary inclusion of animal and plant based protein was calculated by analysis of ingredients and dietary inclusion level. Both dogs and cats were able to digest dietary plant protein, with protein digestibility in dogs unchanged as plant protein increased, while in cats, eating dry food, an increase in plant protein, was associated with increased protein digestibility. When individual plant high-concentration protein sources (excluding the protein from whole grains) were evaluated (i.e., soybean meal, soybean protein isolate, corn gluten meal, and rice protein concentrate) there was no response to increasing protein from these sources in the dog. In the cat, there was a significant positive effect on protein digestibility associated with an increasing concentration of corn gluten meal. In summary, as the dietary protein shifted from striated muscle and other animal proteins to plant based proteins, there was no effect in the dog, while in cats, increasing dietary plant protein was associated with increasing protein digestibility (5.5% increase at 50% protein from plants in dry cat food). Protein digestibility of food in dogs and cats is similar, if not enhanced, when the plant protein sources are concentrated from soybeans (soybean isolate, soybean meal), corn (corn gluten meal), or rice (rice protein concentrate).

scholarly journals Effect of Protein Sources with Different Rumen Degradability in a Diet on the Efficiency of Utilization of Metabolizable Energy by Calves

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
J. Sekine ◽  
H. E. M. Kamel ◽  
M. Hishinuma ◽  
A. N. M. A. Fadel El-Seed ◽  
S. Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Balance Trials

Abstract. To evaluate the effect of dietary protein of diverse rumen degradability on the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization by calves at the growth and maintenance levels of feeding. A total of 54 energy balance trials were conducted using 18 Holstein castrated male calves given four diets containing soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), heated soybean meal (HSBM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) as a main source of protein. The trials were carried out at the ages of 13 weeks for the growth (G) level of feeding and 15 weeks for maintenance (M) followed by the 24-h measurement of fasting (F) heat production after 3-day fasting. The dg values were 0.657, 0.543, 0.463 and 0.413 for SBM, CSM, HSBM and CGM, respectively. The regression analyses of energy retention (ER, kJ/W0.75) on the intake of ME (IME, kJ/W0.75) above the maintenance level revealed no significant differences among diets and gave a following pooled equation: ER = 0.56(±0.04)IME – 311, r = 0.897 (P<0.01). The below M level resulted in the following two distinct equations for the diet with a higher dg of protein source and that of a lower dg: ER = 0.77(±0.02)IME – 403, r = 0.994 (P<0.01) for SBM + CSM. ER = 0.60(±0.03)IME – 350, r = 0.982 (P<0.01) for HSBM + CGM. We concluded that ME utilization for maintenance may be influenced by the protein sources of different dg, but not for growth.

scholarly journals Impact of replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources on the growth performance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Al-Thobaiti ◽  
K. Al-Ghanim ◽  
Z. Ahmed ◽  
E. M. Suliman ◽  
S. Mahboob
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Plant Protein Sources ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Plant Sources

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the appropriate level of replacement of fish meal (FM) with alternative plant sources in the feed fed to Oreochromis niloticus to evaluate the growth performance. Three isoproteinious (40% crude protein) diets were prepared from different ingredients viz., fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat gluten meal, and bagasse kenna meal. O. niloticus showed a maximum increase in weight as 9.70, 11.09, 8.53 and 8.32 g during the 2nd, 2nd, 3rd and 2nd fortnight with feeding treatment A, B, C and D, respectively. The growth performance of the fish in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fish fed with 20% replacement of fishmeal in diet B. The worst growth performance was observed in fish fed with commercial diet, designated as diet D. It was concluded that the fish meal can be replaced up to 20 percent with other plant protein sources without any negative impact on fish health. The replacement of fish meal with local plant sources (corn gluten meal, wheat gluten meal, soybean meal and bagasse kenna mix) will not only be beneficial to achieve better growth performance in O. niloticus, it will be a value addition as well.

scholarly journals Effects of rumen undegradable protein sources on nitrous oxide, methane and ammonia emission from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa de Melo Coelho ◽  
Liziane de Figueiredo Brito ◽  
Juliana Duarte Messana ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Geovany Macêdo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

Abstract Here, the effects of sources of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) in diets on methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle were evaluated. We hypothesized that the use of different RUP sources in diets would reduce N loss via urine and contribute to reduced N2O, CH4 and NH3 emissions to the environment. Nellore cattle received different diets (18 animals/treatment), including soybean meal (SM, RDP source), by-pass soybean meal (BSM, RUP source) and corn gluten meal (CGM, RUP source). The protein source did not affect the N and C concentration in urine, C concentration in feces, and N balance (P > 0.05). The RUP sources resulted in a higher N2O emission than the RDP source (P = 0.030), while BSM resulted in a higher N2O emission than CGM (P = 0.038) (SM = 633, BSM = 2521, and CGM = 1153 g ha− 2 N-N2O); however, there were no differences in CH4 and NH3 emission (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of RUP in diets did not affect N excretion of beef cattle or CH4 and NH3 emission from manure, but increased N2O emission from the manure.

Modifying duodenal flow of amino acids by manipulation of dietary protein sources

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Corn Gluten

Four multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were utilized in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to measure the response in intestinal amino acid profiles to progressive substitution of blood meal for corn gluten meal as the protein supplement. In addition, the influence of these protein sources on rumen fermentation and digestion as well as forestomach bacterial growth and escape were compared with a diet supplemented with soybean meal, a rapidly rumen-degraded protein source. Cows were offered a mixed silage ration of alfalfa silage (79.8% of DM) and corn silage (20.2% of DM) twice daily. Cows were also offered mixed concentrate at 123% (DM:DM) of the mixed silage ration in six equal meals per day to provide soybean meal, corn gluten meal, blood meal or a combination of the latter two sources as the primary supplemental protein source. Rumen soluble non-ammonia N concentrations were higher in cows fed soybean meal and declined linearly as blood meal substituted for corn gluten meal in the concentrate. Forestomach disappearance of N tended (P = 0.09) to be higher for the cows fed soybean meal vs. all other diets, and tended (P = 0.09) to be higher with the combined corn gluten meal and blood meal diet vs. the diets containing either alone. The latter is consistent with higher forestomach digestion of DM and OM in cows fed the combined diet. Rumen pool sizes of most DM components were lower when cows were fed soybean meal and, with the exception of N pools, increased linearly as blood meal substituted for corn gluten meal. Duodenal flow of amino acid protein was lower when cows were fed soybean meal, due mainly to reduced bacterial flow, and was lowest for the combined diet within the corn gluten meal and blood meal diets. The amino acid profile of duodenal protein differed for 12 of 17 amino acids examined when cows were fed the soybean meal diet vs. the other diets, and 12 of 17 amino acids either increased or decreased linearly as blood meal substituted for corn gluten meal. Data reported here and by previous researchers suggest an associative effect of addition of corn gluten meal and blood meal to the diet which increased rumen degradation of dietary protein. These data also show that manipulating the dietary source of supplemental protein can influence the amino acid profile of duodenally delivered amino acid protein as well as indicate that the rate of rumen degradation of individual amino acids differs among protein sources. In this study, methionine, cystine and histidine appeared to be more rapidly degraded in corn gluten meal than in blood meal, whereas glutamic acid, proline, isoleucine, threonine and lysine were more rapidly degraded in blood meal. Key words: Dairy cow, rumen bacteria, amino acid

UTILIZATION OF PROTEIN FROM PEAS, BARLEY, BUTTERMILK POWDER AND SOYBEAN MEAL BY EARLY-WEANED PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. CHRISTISON ◽  
N. M. PARRA DE SOLANO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Buttermilk Powder ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Barley Protein

Six pairs of newly weaned 21-day-old pigs were assigned to each of four diets where 80% of the dietary protein originated from soybean meal (SBM), buttermilk powder, barley protein concentrate or pea protein concentrate (PPC). The remainder of the protein came from naked oats. From 21 to 42 days of age, daily gains on the SBM (327 g) and buttermilk powder diets (355 g) did not differ, but were lower (P < 0.05) on the barley protein concentrate (259 g) and PPC (171 g) diets. Daily feed intake was less (P < 0.05) for the PPC diet (262 g) than for the SBM, buttermilk powder or barley protein concentrate diets (448, 445 and 368 g, respectively). Apparent digestibility of dietary crude protein increased by 5–10 percentage points from 28 to 41 days of age. On the basis of the known protein digestibility of the naked oats, and using the mean protein digestibility value of each diet, the protein digestibility of each protein source was calculated to be: SBM, 76%; buttermilk powder 86%; barley protein concentrate, 86%; and PPC, 69%. In a second experiment, diets were formulated so that PPC supplied 0, 27, 53 or 80% of the dietary protein. There was a general decline in growth rate and in feed intake as pea protein increased, with a marked decrease in growth rate at the final PPC increment. It is suggested that PPC should not contribute more than 27% of the dietary protein (10% of the diet) for weanling pigs. Key words: Weanling pigs, pea protein, buttermilk powder, barley protein, soybean meal, digestibility

scholarly journals True and apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids of feed in Nile tilapia

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Moisés Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
True Digestibility

It was determined in this work the coefficients of apparent and true digestibility of protein and amino acids of five feeds (corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, fish meal) in Nile tilapia. It was used 252 reverted Thai strain Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in growth phase, with weight of 310 ± 9.68 g, distributed in experimental randomized blocks design, with five treatments, six replicates per treatment and seven fish per experimental unit. Each experimental diet contained a single source of protein, composed by the studied ingredients. An additional group of fish was fed protein-free diet for quantification of the endogenous fraction and determination of true digestibility coefficients. Digestibility was estimated by the indirect method by using chromium oxide at the concentration of 0.50% of the diet as a marker, performing fecal collection at every four hour interval by using decantation technique. Coefficients of apparent digestibility of the protein and amino acids are: corn, 83.57 and 82.45%; wheat bran 82.87 and 81.47%; soybean meal 91.12 and 89.41%; corn gluten meal 90.07 and 87.78%; fish meal 83.53 and 81.65% respectively. Coefficients of true digestibility of protein and the mean of the amino acids are: corn, 90.02 and 89.60%; wheat bran 89.62 and 89.14%; soybean meal 93.58 and 91.88%; corn gluten meal 92.50 and 90.34%; fish meal 86.01 and 84.27%, respectively.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of ingredients in diets for Salminus brasiliensis

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga ◽  
Ricardo Borghesi ◽  
José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Salminus Brasiliensis ◽  
Spray Dried

The objective of this work was to determine the nutritional value of different protein sources for "dourado" (Salminus brasiliensis). Thirty juveniles per group (33.51±1.4 g) were hand fed on a reference diet (70%) added of tested ingredients (30%) and chromium oxide III (0.1%). Apparent digestibility coefficients of the gross energy (ADC GE), crude protein (ADC CP) and amino acids of the tested ingredients were evaluated. Corn gluten meal yielded the best results for ADC GE and ADC CP (95.7 and 96.9%, respectively) amongst plant ingredients. Spray-dried blood meal yielded the best values of ADC GE and ADC CP amongst animal ingredients (94.1 and 96.3%, respectively). Wheat bran yielded poorest ADCs coefficients (77 for ADC GE and 88.2% for ADC CP).

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