An estimation of optimum dietary concentration of soy bean meal for carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala)

Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.

Intake of Animal Protein and Dietary Sources in the Colombian Population: Results of the National Nutrition Survey (ENSIN-2015)

Background. There is a lack of knowledge in Colombia about dietary intake and sources of animal protein. Design. Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys. Setting. Colombia. Participants. n = 32,457 participants aged from 1 to 64 years. The sample analyzed included 21,036 boys and nonpregnant girls, 10,099 adults, and 1,322 pregnant women, 118 of whom were below 18 years of age. Results. Protein intake was 32.9 g/d (95% CI: 32.4, 33.4) per 1,000 kilocalories. The relative contribution (%) of total protein to the total energy intake/day (acceptable macronutrient distribution) was 13.2% (95% CI: 13.0, 13.3). The acceptable macronutrient distribution (AMDR) for animal protein for those aged 1 to 64 years was 7.8% (95% CI: 7.6, 8.0), with a minimum of 7.1% (95% CI: 6.7, 7.5), which was for children aged from 13 to 17 years, and a maximum of 8.3% (95% CI: 8.1, 8.5), for children aged from 1 to 4 years ( P = 0.018 ). For all groups, animal protein made up the majority of total proteins, with 62.6% (95% CI: 61.7, 63.6) for preschoolers, 55.8% (95% CI: 53.2, 58.4) for school-aged children, 54.6% (95% CI: 53.0, 56.1) for adolescents, 58.1% (95% CI: 57.5, 58.7) for adults, and 57.5% (95% CI: 55.2, 59.7) for pregnant women ( P = 0.027 ). The three main dietary sources of animal protein were red meat (17.8%), chicken (16.3%), and eggs (10.5%). The sources of vegetal protein were bread-arepa-pasta (20.0%), cereals (19.8%), and legumes (8.2%). Conclusions. Protein intake is excessive according to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), while it is not excessive from the perspective of the AMDR.

Deskripsi Daging Rana Arfaki (Anura; Ranidae) yang Dikonsumsi Masyarakat Moiley di Pegunungan Arfak

In Papua, especially in the Arfak Mountains, one of wild animals that commonly used as a non-animal protein source is frogs. Although it has been consumed by local people for generations, there is no representative information on the characteristics of Arfak frog meat. This study aims to determine the body weight and weight of carcass of Arfak frogs (Rana arfaki) comsumed by the Moiley communtiies in the Arfak Mountains. In addition, this study also attempts to reveal the physical quality and processing techniques of consumed Arfak forg meat. We used descriptive method with observation techniques in the field. The results show that an average body weight of Arfak frogs consumed in Mbenti is 2.53 ± 0.81gr, with an average of carcass percentage 46.77% and non-carcass percentage 53.23%. The physical quality of the meat is, fresh and looks intact, the color of flesh and muscles is white to yellowish white, has a distinctive aroma, and elastic texture as well as strong muscles. The pH value of fresh meat is an average of 7.03. Various meat processing techniques are practiced including fried, stir-fry, grilled and smoked, and pickling/smoked is more preffered bacuse it is easy and the meat can keep longer as a source of food for household animal protein. Keywords: Arfak; Cosnsumption; Meat; Quality; Rana arfaki Abstrak Di Papua khususnya di Pegunungan Arfak, salah satu jenis satwa yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai sumber protein hewani non-ternak adalah katak. Meskipun telah dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat lokal secara turun temurun, sampai saat ini belum tersedia informasi yang representatif tentang karakteristik daging katak Arfak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bobot badan dan berat karkas katak Arfak (Rana arfaki) yang dikonsumsi masyarakar Moiley di Pegunungan Arfak. Selain itu juga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas fisik dan teknik pengolahan daging katak Arfak yang dikonsumsi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik observasi atau pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Rataan bobot badan katak Arfak (Rana arfaki) yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat di Mbenti yaitu 2,53 ± 0,81gr dengan rataan persentase karkas yaitu 46,77% dan persentase non-karkasnya sebesar 53,23%. Kualitas fisik daging katak Arfak yaitu memiliki karakteristik segar dan tampak utuh, warna daging dan otot putih hingga putih kekuningan, memiliki aroma khas, dengan tekstur elastis serta memiliki otot kuat. Sedangkan nilai pH daging katak Arfak segar yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat yaitu rata-rata adalah 7,03. Teknik pengolahan daging yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat beragam antara lain goreng, tumis, bakar dan asap. Cara asar/asap lebih disenangi karena mudah dilakukan dan dapat memperpanjang masa simpan daging sebagai cadangan sumber pangan protein hewani rumah tangga. Kata kunci: Arfak; Daging; Konsumsi; Kualitas; Rana arfaki

Peningkatan Usaha Budidaya Cacing Tanah di Kecamatan Teras Kabupaten Boyolali

<p><em><strong>Increasing of Earthworm Cultivation Business in Teras District Boyolali Regency.</strong> </em>Earthworms are soft-bodied, invertebrates, and have many functions as decomposer organisms, fertilizer producers from organic waste, and animal protein sources. Earthworms have high economic value. This community service aims to increase the capacity of earthworm cultivation through improved feed, use of vermicompost, and improvement of business bookkeeping on partner SMEs. The community service method is socialization, earthworm cultivation training, the introduction of media (feed), bookkeeping management training, and mentoring. Community service activities are earthworm cultivation training, introducing palm dregs and tofu dregs as media (feed), vermicompost as organic fertilizer, simple bookkeeping training, and mentoring. This community service activity can increase earthworms' production capacity by 50 - 70% per two months. SMEs have other alternative media (feed), namely palm dregs and tofu dregs, for worm cultivation. SMEs are already using vermicompost as organic fertilizer. SMEs have simple bookkeeping because they have recorded the financial income and expenditure of earthworm cultivation. Overall, this service activity has provided additional knowledge for SMEs to run a business so that the business is expected to progress and develop.</p>

Improving Gander Reproductive Efficacy in the Context of Globally Sustainable Goose Production

The goose is a popular poultry species, and in the past two decades the goose industry has become highly profitable across the globe. Ganders low reproductive performance remains a barrier to achieving high fertility and hatchability in subsequent flocks. To address the global demand for cheaper animal protein, various methodologies for improving avian (re)production should be explored. A large amount of literature is available on reproduction traits and techniques for commercial chicken breeder flocks, while research on improved reproduction in ganders has been carried out to a lesser extent. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive literature overview focusing on recent advancements/techniques used in improving gander reproductive efficacy in the context of ensuring a globally sustainable goose industry.

Stock And Flow Diagram of Supply-Prices Stabilization Model of The Chicken Meat Industry Supply Network: A Case Study In Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY)

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the government issued a policy through Large-Scale Social Restrictions and the impact was felt on the unsustainable availability of various food commodities, one of which was broiler chicken meat. Broiler chicken is one of the animal protein food products that is favored by people from various circles because it has a relatively cheaper price compared to other meat commodities that provide animal protein, is easy to obtain, and has good organoleptic quality. The purchasing power of the people of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) is also increasing due to increased nutritional awareness related to the fulfillment of animal protein. The broiler production process contains uncertainty because it is seasonal. This causes a fluctuating price change. Fluctuations in broiler prices are not a new phenomenon in the DIY. Price fluctuations usually occur at certain times such as during religious holidays and this phenomenon occurs repeatedly every year. So we need a broiler supply chain research to maintain price stability using a dynamic simulation system model of the broiler chicken supply chain in DIY. This study develops a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) and Stock and Flow Diagram (SFD) of system dynamic model of the broiler supply chain in the DIY and simulates the model using Powersim Studio 10 software. The simulation is confirmed verified and valid, therefore for the next research model can be used to solve the problem by generating policy scenario.

Animal protein intake is inversely associated with mortality in older adults: the InCHIANTI study

Background In general, plant protein intake was inversely associated with mortality in studies in middle-aged adults. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term associations of animal and plant protein intake with mortality in older adults. Methods A prospective cohort study including 1,139 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 75 years, 56% women) living in Tuscany, Italy, followed for 20 years (InCHIANTI study) was analyzed. Dietary intake by food frequency questionnaires and clinical information were assessed five times during the follow-up. Protein intakes were expressed as percentages of total energy. Time-dependent Cox regression models adjusted for confounders were used to assess the association between plant and animal protein intake, and mortality. Results During the 20-years of follow up (mean: 12y), 811 deaths occurred (292 of cardiovascular- and 151 of cancer-related causes). Animal protein intake was inversely associated with all-cause (HR per 1% of total energy from protein increase, 95%CI: 0.96, 0.93-0.99) and cardiovascular mortality (HR per 1% of total energy from protein increase, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.87-0.98). Plant protein intake showed no association with any of the mortality outcomes, but an interaction with baseline hypertension was found for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions Animal protein was inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults. Further studies are needed to provide recommendations on dietary protein intake for older adults.