scholarly journals About the question of the assessment of the drinking water quality in centralized water systems in the current conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-568
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Novikova ◽  
K. B. Friedman ◽  
V. N. Fedorov ◽  
A. A. Kovshov ◽  
N. A. Tikhonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

Introduction. Regulation of drinking water quality is a very important area of health care and improving the quality of life of the population of the Russian Federation.The aim of this work is the development a model for the assessment of the drinking water quality and calculating the share of the population, including urban, provided with high-quality drinking water from centralized water supply systems, taking into account new methodological approaches to the evaluation of the quality of drinking water using the example of water supply to settlements in the Leningrad Region. Material and methods. The data on the organization of centralized cold water supply systems and monitoring systems for drinking water quality and the results of laboratory studies of drinking water quality in the cities of Volkhov, Svetogorsk, Slantsy, Tosno were studied. Statistical processing of the results was performed, the categories of quality of drinking water supplied to the population were determined, the number of the population provided with high-quality drinking water from the water supply system was calculated in accordance with Guidelines 2.1.4.0143-19.Results. In 2018, 100% of the population was provided with quality drinking water only in the city of Slantsy. In the city of Tosno, this index reached of 83.5%. In the cities of Volkhov and Svetogorsk, drinking water was rated as low-quality. But it is worth noting that in the cities of Volkhov and Slantsy laboratory tests were carried out at 2 points, in the city of Svetogorsk - only at the 1 point, which, given the number of residents, is not enough. For an objective assessment of the state of drinking water and the development of measures aimed at improving its quality, it is necessary to increase the number of monitoring points, as well as to include the results of control and supervision measures and production laboratory control conducted by water supply organizations in the volume of laboratory information.Conclusion. The proposed model allows us to assess the drinking water quality in centralized water supply systems and the proportion of the population, including urban, provided with quality drinking water at the level of the water supply system, settlement, municipal district (urban district), subject of the Russian Federation

scholarly journals Methodological bases of the management of data collection for drinking water quality monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 769-774
Author(s):  
Igor O. Myasnikov ◽  
Yuliya A. Novikova ◽  
Olga I. Kopytenkova ◽  
Maria N. Evseeva ◽  
Gennadiy B. Yeremin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Supply Systems

Introduction. Social and hygienic monitoring results are currently used to assess drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems and calculate the number of people provided with high-quality drinking water. Additionally, they use the results of investigations against resource-supplying organizations. There is not enough information to analyze and obtain reliable data. It is necessary to develop a comprehensive solution. The complex should include combining the goals of many fragmented digital solutions that regulate collecting and analyzing large amounts of data. Materials and methods. Research materials and methods include production control programs and the results of a study of the quality of drinking water in centralized water supply systems. The object of the study is the localities of 15 subjects of the Russian Federation. Methods of system and content analysis were used for the examination. Results. As part of the production control, resource-supplying management of gathering information on the water quality of centralized cold water supply systems. The requirements for the management of state data are set out in the documents of the Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation. The fragmentation of the collected data does not allow us to meet the requirements for the quality of information. To assess the water quality of centralized cold water supply systems, information about water supply sources, water pipes, control points in the distribution network, and research results can be supplemented with information from the automated information system “Housing and Utilities Reform”. The entire set of information should be transmitted to the formation system “Interactive map of drinking water quality control in the Russian Federation”. Conclusion. To obtain a set of reliable information, it is necessary to include the results of production control in the drinking water quality monitoring system, provide the standardization of formats for the presentation of laboratory research results, create a single software product and introduce changes in regulatory documents that oblige resource-supplying organizations to send the results of industrial water quality control in electronic form.

Methodological Approaches to Organization of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Novikova ◽  
I.O. Myasnikov ◽  
A.A. Kovshov ◽  
N.A. Tikhonova ◽  
N.S. Bashketova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Supply Systems

Summary. Introduction: Drinking water is one of the most important environmental factors sustaining life and determining human health. The goal of the Russian Federal Clean Water Project is to improve drinking water quality through upgrading of water treatment and supply systems using advanced technologies, including those developed by the military-industrial complex. The most informative and reliable sources of information for assessing drinking water quality are the results of systematic laboratory testing obtained within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring (SGM) and production control carried out by water supply organizations. The objective of our study was to formulate approaches to organizing quality monitoring programs for centralized cold water supply systems. Materials and methods: We reviewed programs and results of drinking water quality laboratory tests performed by Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions within the framework of SGM in 2017–2018. Results: We established that drinking water quality monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation differs significantly in the number of monitoring points (566 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai vs 10 in Sevastopol) and measured indicators, especially sanitary and chemical ones (53 inorganic and organic substances in the Kemerovo Region vs one indicator in the Amur Region). Discussion: For a more complete and objective assessment of drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems, monitoring points should be organized at all stages of water supply with account for the coverage of the maximum number of people supplied with water from a particular network. Thus, the number of points in the distribution network should depend, inter alia, on the size of population served. In urban settlements with up to 10,000 inhabitants, for example, at least 4 points should be organized while in the cities with more than 3,000,000 inhabitants at least 80 points are necessary. We developed minimum mandatory lists of indicators and approaches to selecting priority indices to be monitored at all stages of drinking water supply.

scholarly journals Assessing health risks associated with drinking water quality (on the example of regions in Bashkortostan where oil fields are located)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
L.R. Rakhmatullina ◽  
◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Providing population with drinking water conforming to all hygienic standards is a pressing issue on territories where oil fields are located. In our research we focus on assessing water supply sources located in areas with oil fields and health risks for people who consume water from centralized water supply systems aimed at providing drinking water and water for communal use. Our research goal was to hygienically assess health risks for people living in areas where oil fields were located in Bashkortostan; these health risks were caused by people consuming water from centralized water supply systems. Our analysis was based on data obtained via laboratory research performed by «Bashkommunvodokanal» water supply facility and Bashkortostan Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology; the data were collected in 2016–2018 in Chishminskiy and Dablekanovskiy districts. Risks associated with drinking water quality were assessed taking into account all the requirements fixed in the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. Organoleptic risks related to water olfactory-reflex properties were assessed according to procedures fixed in the Methodical Guidelines MR 2.1.4.0032-11. Overall carcinogenic health risk assessed in Chishminskiy and Davlekanovskiy districts was higher than maximum permissible level due to chromium6+, DDT, lindane and arsenic detected in drinking water. Population carcinogenic risks amounted to 7 additional cases for people who consumed water supplied via water intake in Alkino-2 settlement; 69 additional cases, Isaakovskiy water intake; 76 additional cases, Kirzavodskoy water intake. Results obtained via non-carcinogenic risk assessment performed for all examined territories indicate that diseases might occur in the hormonal system (HQ =3.04–4.56), liver (HQ =2.3–3.83), and kidneys (HQ =1.47–2.45). The highest non-carcinogenic risks were detected for people who took water from Kirzavodskoy water intake in Davlekanovskiy district. We also detected unacceptable organoleptic risk (higher than 0.1) caused by excessive water hardness in Chishminskiy district. All the obtained results call for developing and implementing a set of activities aimed at reducing health risks for population.

scholarly journals Provision of Safe Drinking Water to the Local Population within the Clean Water Project Implemented in the Penza Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
VV Vasilyev ◽  
TV Ryabinina ◽  
MV Perekusihin ◽  
EV Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Supply Systems

Introduction: Drinking water from centralized drinking water supply systems is not always safe due to its natural pollution with various chemicals and microbiological contamination occurring in the distribution system. In this regard, the role of the service exercising governmental water quality surveillance is growing. The purpose of the study was to assess the quality of drinking water and the associated health risk and to substantiate priority measures aimed at improving the quality of water in the centralized water supply systems of the region. Materials and methods: We examined the results of drinking water quality testing performed within the implementation of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and socio-hygienic monitoring and incidence rates in morbidity of population in 27 districts of the Penza Region and the regional center for the years 2014–2019. Health risks from oral exposures to waterborne chemicals were assessed in accordance with Guidelines R 2.1.10.1920–04. The statistical relationship was studied by the correlation method. Results: We established that water quality in the centralized water supply systems fed by underground sources is determined by the chemical composition of the exploited aquifers that divide the territory of the Penza Region into four zones. The worst water quality was observed in the fourth zone where concentrations of natural iron, fluorides and boron in tap water were many times higher than their maximum permissible levels and the hazard quotient for fluorides exceeded the limit value (HQ = 2.845 for children and 1.219 for adults). In the third zone, iron posed the highest risks of diseases of mucosa and skin (HI = 0.296), the immune system (HI = 0.311), and hematopoietic system (H = 0.473) in children; we also established a strong correlation between the average annual concentration of iron in tap water and the incidence of genitourinary disorders, gastritis and duodenitis in the child population. Although the share of the population supplied with safe drinking water from centralized water supply systems increased from 86.5 % in 2014 to 89.4 % in 2019, the target set within the Regional Clean Water Project for 2019 was not achieved. Conclusion: The study results were taken into account when making additions to the Regional Clean Water Project in 2020 envisaging construction of iron removal plants and water well drilling in areas with low fluorine levels.

Assessment of Implementation Efficiency of the System Approach to Ensuring Safety of Public Drinking and Recreational Water Use on the Example of the Voronezh Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
AYu Popova ◽  
SV Kuzmin ◽  
II Mehantyev
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Supply Systems

Background. Implementation of the Federal Clean Water Project within the National Housing and Urban Environment Project was based on the results of numerous health studies conducted within the framework of functioning of the interdepartmental system of public health monitoring and introduction of the risk-based approach into sanitary and epidemiological surveillance. In this regard, there was a need to develop a comprehensive approach to securing safety of drinking and recreational water use and assessing efficiency of implemented solutions. Objective. To assess efficiency of implementation of a system approach to ensuring safety of public drinking and recreational water use on the example of the Voronezh Region. Materials and methods. The study included laboratory testing of water quality in places of recreational water usage, drinking water quality assessment followed by a health risk assessment, a comprehensive evaluation of the extent of sanitary and epidemiological problems in drinking water supply systems, an online questionnaire-based survey of regional residents on tap water quality, a correlation analysis to establish the relationship between population health and water quality, and experimental studies to assess migration of organic compounds from polymer containers into bottled drinking water. Results. Challenges of recreational water use are associated with poor quality of surface water in terms of chemical (ammonium ion, nitrates, phosphates, and biochemical oxygen demand) and microbiological water quality parameters. Priority indices of drinking water quality in centralized water supply systems include the contents of nitrates, fluorine, boron, and iron, which are unacceptable in terms of non-carcinogenic risk (HQ > 1). In disadvantaged areas, water quality in centralized drinking water supply systems is considered “extremely poor”. The online survey demonstrated that the majority of the population (30.7 %) prefers to use water filter jugs to treat tap water. We observed significant correlations between the quality of tap and surface waters and disease incidence rates in the population. We also obtained new data on migration of organic compounds from polymer containers intended for drinking water storage and bottling in case of storage temperature excursions. Conclusion. Our findings served as the basis for the proposed algorithm of implementing a system approach to securing safety of recreational and drinking water use and for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented solutions.

scholarly journals Assessing health risks associated with drinking water quality (on the example of regions in Bashkortostan where oil fields are located)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
L.R. Rakhmatullina ◽  
◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Providing population with drinking water conforming to all hygienic standards is a pressing issue on territories where oil fields are located. In our research we focus on assessing water supply sources located in areas with oil fields and health risks for people who consume water from centralized water supply systems aimed at providing drinking water and water for communal use. Our research goal was to hygienically assess health risks for people living in areas where oil fields were located in Bashkortostan; these health risks were caused by people consuming water from centralized water supply systems. Our analysis was based on data obtained via laboratory research performed by «Bashkommunvodokanal» water supply facility and Bashkortostan Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology; the data were collected in 2016–2018 in Chishminskiy and Dablekanovskiy districts. Risks associated with drinking water quality were assessed taking into account all the requirements fixed in the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. Organoleptic risks related to water olfactory-reflex properties were assessed according to procedures fixed in the Methodical Guidelines MR 2.1.4.0032-11. Overall carcinogenic health risk assessed in Chishminskiy and Davlekanovskiy districts was higher than maximum permissible level due to chromium6+, DDT, lindane and arsenic detected in drinking water. Population carcinogenic risks amounted to 7 additional cases for people who consumed water supplied via water intake in Alkino-2 settlement; 69 additional cases, Isaakovskiy water intake; 76 additional cases, Kirzavodskoy water intake. Results obtained via non-carcinogenic risk assessment performed for all examined territories indicate that diseases might occur in the hormonal system (HQ =3.04–4.56), liver (HQ =2.3–3.83), and kidneys (HQ =1.47–2.45). The highest non-carcinogenic risks were detected for people who took water from Kirzavodskoy water intake in Davlekanovskiy district. We also detected unacceptable organoleptic risk (higher than 0.1) caused by excessive water hardness in Chishminskiy district. All the obtained results call for developing and implementing a set of activities aimed at reducing health risks for population.

A national approach to risk assessment for drinking water catchments in Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Miller ◽  
B. Whitehill ◽  
D. Deere
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data

This paper comments on the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies for risk assessment, appropriate for utilisation by Australian Water Utilities in risk assessment for drinking water source protection areas. It is intended that a suggested methodology be recommended as a national approach to catchment risk assessment. Catchment risk management is a process for setting priorities for protecting drinking water quality in source water areas. It is structured through a series of steps for identifying water quality hazards, assessing the threat posed, and prioritizing actions to address the threat. Water management organisations around Australia are at various stages of developing programs for catchment risk management. While much conceptual work has been done on the individual components of catchment risk management, work on these components has not previously been combined to form a management tool for source water protection. A key driver for this project has been the requirements of the National Health and Medical Research Council Framework for the Management of Drinking Water Quality (DWQMF) included in the draft 2002 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). The Framework outlines a quality management system of steps for the Australian water industry to follow with checks and balances to ensure water quality is protected from catchment to tap. Key steps in the Framework that relate to this project are as follows: Element 2 Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System• Water Supply System analysis• Review of Water Quality Data• Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Element 3 Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management• Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers• Critical Control Points This paper provides an evaluation of the following risk assessment techniques: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP); World Health Organisation Water Safety Plans; Australian Standard AS 4360; and The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines – Drinking Water Quality Management Framework. These methods were selected for assessment in this report as they provided coverage of the different approaches being used across Australia by water utilities of varying: scale of water management organisation; types of water supply system management; and land use and activity-based risks in the catchment area of the source. Initially, different risk assessment methodologies were identified and reviewed. Then examples of applications of those methods were assessed, based on several key water utilities across Australia and overseas. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach were identified. In general there seems some general grouping of types of approaches into those that: cover the full catchment-to-tap drinking water system; cover just the catchment area of the source and do not recognise downstream barriers or processes; use water quality data or land use risks as a key driving component; and are based primarily on the hazard whilst others are based on a hazardous event. It is considered that an initial process of screening water quality data is very valuable in determining key water quality issues and guiding the risk assessment, and to the overall understanding of the catchment and water source area, allowing consistency with the intentions behind the ADWG DWQM Framework. As such, it is suggested that the recommended national risk assessment approach has two key introductory steps: initial screening of key issues via water quality data, and land use or activity scenario and event-based HACCP-style risk assessment. In addition, the importance of recognising the roles that uncertainty and bias plays in risk assessments was highlighted. As such it was deemed necessary to develop and integrate uncertainty guidelines for information used in the risk assessment process. A hybrid risk assessment methodology was developed, based on the HACCP approach, but with some key additions and modifications to make it applicable to varying catchment risks, water supply operation needs and environmental management processes.

scholarly journals Water contamination events in UK drinking-water supply systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gray
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Company ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Contamination Events ◽  
Supply Systems

Water supply companies in the UK have a duty under prime UK legislation to notify the Drinking Water Inspectorate of events affecting or potentially affecting the quality of drinking-water supplies. Under the same legislation, the Inspectorate has a duty to investigate each event. After assessing all of the information available, including companies' reports, the Inspectorate advises on the way in which the event was handled and whether any statutory requirements were contravened. If appropriate, a prosecution of the water company may be initiated. Copies of the assessment are sent to the water company, relevant local and health authorities, Ofwat (the economic regulator), the regional Consumer Council for Water and any other interested parties, including consumers who request it. Generic guidance may be issued to the industry on matters of wider concern. This paper considers the role of the Inspectorate, the powers available to it and reporting arrangements. An overview is presented of events that occurred between 1990 and 2005 and common features are identified. Causes of different types of event are discussed. The importance of well-established contacts between the various interested parties involved in protecting public health is emphasised through discussion of example incidents.

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