scholarly journals Power Density Measurement within Kaduna North Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bello Ayodeji ◽  
Nicodemus Kure Kure ◽  
Isaac Daniel ◽  
Emmanuel Adoyi ◽  
Esther Obiechile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Rf Antenna

The measurement of possible presence of radiofrequency (RF) radiations from telecommunication base stations was carried out within Kaduna North Area of Kaduna State, to estimate the maximum level of power density from RF radiations to which the member of the populace within specific radius from the base transceiver station (BTS) are exposed to in relation to the existing guidelines to human exposure. Power density S (µWm-2) measurements were made at interval of 20 m to check the exposure level at public locations from 10 RF antenna sites starting from the foot of each BS to distance (radius) of 100 m using Aaronia Spectran HF-4060 Analyser and the electric field strength E (Vm-1) were calculated. The highest and lowest value obtained from measured mean power densities were 108.27 µWm-2 and 94.74 µWm-2 from a distance of 100 m and 40 m respectively. Also, the highest and lowest average electric field strength were 202.03 (Vm-1) and 188.99 (Vm-1) at 100 m and 40 m respectively. The result obtained, indicates that the measured values were far less than the permissible exposure limits for both workers and the general public as set by the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). These results shows that the exposure levels in these areas are low and as such will not pose significant health risks to the people living in the study area.

scholarly journals Assessment of short/long term electric field strength measurements for a pilot district

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Cetin Kurnaz ◽  
Dogan Yildiz ◽  
Serap Karagol
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Day By Day

Abstract The level of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure increases day by day as natural consequences of technological developments. In recent years, the increasing use of cellular systems has made it necessary to measure and evaluate EMR originating from base stations. In this study, broadband and band selective electric field strength (E) measurements were taken at four different times in order to evaluate the change of short term E in Atakum district of Samsun, Turkey. The measurements were collected from 46 different locations using a SRM 3006 and a PMM 8053 EMR meter in a band from 100 kHz to 3 GHz, and the maximum E (Emax) and the average E (Eavg) were recorded. The highest values have been noticed in these measurements at 9.45 V/m and 17.53 V/m for Eavg and Emax respectively. Apart from these measurements, 24 hour long term E measurements were taken at a location where the highest value was observed and analyzed, to observe the change of Es during a day. At the end of the study, a tentative mathematical model that helps in computing the total E of the medium with 95% accuracy, was obtained.

ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH AND POWER AROUND SELECTED MOBILE BASE STATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Deatanyah ◽  
J K Amoako ◽  
E K K Abavare ◽  
A Menyeh
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Mobile Base

scholarly journals Assessment of Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure Levels from Mobile Phones and Wireless Hotspots in Some Parts of Makurdi-Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3b) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
NB Akaagerger ◽  
DK Kaki ◽  
AI Philip ◽  
BA Ikyo
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Exposure Levels

Radio waves and Microwaves also known as Radio Frequency Radiations (RFR) have been associated with health hazards. This research was carried out to assess the safety level of these radiations in Makurdi, Benue State. Measurement of RFR power density and electric field strength were carried out for mobile phones. A Cornet 15SA Electrosmog meter was used for assessing RFR exposure levels. Measurements of RFR power density (mWm-2) and electric field strength (Vm-1) for wireless hotspots were carried out within 10m radius to offices and open areas with high occupancy. Radiation levels from mobile phones were measured on the surface with mobile phones in contact with the meter in a normal direction such that maximum readings are obtained. A survey questionnaire was also designed to assess the level of knowledge of the residents concerning the effects of exposure to RF radiations. The field strength and Power density from mobile phones were found to range from 0.1946 Vm-1 to 26.2446 Vm-1 and 0.1004 mWm-2 to 1.827 Wm-2 respectively. These are within ICNIRP recommended value of 10 Wm-2 for members of the public. Environmental levels of RFR in areas with RFR generating devices showed that RFR levels ranged from 5.0595Vm-1 (0.0679 Wm-1) to 7.3961Vm-1 (0.145 Wm1). Also, assessment of areas with Wi-Fi hotspots showed that the presence of hotspots significantly increased background levels of RFR. These values were compared with measurements carried out in areas without RF devices which ranged from 0.10212Vm-1 (0.02766 mWm-2) to 1.7334 Vm-1 (0.0079 Wm-2). The presence of devices was seen to increase the amount of radiation in the environment. The questionnaire results indicated that there was need to further educate the public on the effects of these radiations and precautionary to be adopted for safety.

Optical Measurement of the Electric Field Strength in a Gel Insulator

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1420-1421
Author(s):  
Yusuke Tanaka ◽  
Yuji Nagaoka ◽  
Hyeon-Gu Jeon ◽  
Masaharu Fujii ◽  
Haruo Ihori
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Optical Measurement

Effect of external magnetic field on lane formation in driven pair-ion plasmas

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Baruah ◽  
U. Sarma ◽  
R. Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Coupling Parameter ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Coulomb Coupling ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Parameter Values

Lane formation dynamics in externally driven pair-ion plasma (PIP) particles is studied in the presence of external magnetic field using Langevin dynamics (LD) simulation. The phase diagram obtained distinguishing the no-lane and lane states is systematically determined from a study of various Coulomb coupling parameter values. A peculiar lane formation-disintegration parameter space is identified; lane formation area extended to a wide range of Coulomb coupling parameter values is observed before disappearing to a mixed phase. The different phases are identified by calculating the order parameter. This and the critical parameters are calculated directly from LD simulation. The critical electric field strength value above which the lanes are formed distinctly is obtained, and it is observed that in the presence of the external magnetic field, the PIP system requires a higher value of the electric field strength to enter into the lane formation state than that in the absence of the magnetic field. We further find out the critical value of electric field frequency beyond which the system exhibits a transition back to the disordered state and this critical frequency is found as an increasing function of the electric field strength in the presence of an external magnetic field. The movement of the lanes is also observed in a direction perpendicular to that of the applied electric and magnetic field directions, which reveals the existence of the electric field drift in the system under study. We also use an oblique force field as the external driving force, both in the presence and absence of the external magnetic field. The application of this oblique force changes the orientation of the lane structures for different applied oblique angle values.

scholarly journals Investigating the feasibility of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation to facilitate post-stroke overground gait performance in chronic stroke: a partial least-squares regression approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhaval Solanki ◽  
Zeynab Rezaee ◽  
Anirban Dutta ◽  
Uttama Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Investigation of lobule-specific electric field effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on overground gait performance has not been performed, so this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of two lobule-specific bilateral ctDCS montages to facilitate overground walking in chronic stroke. Methods Ten chronic post-stroke male subjects participated in this repeated-measure single-blind crossover study, where we evaluated the single-session effects of two bilateral ctDCS montages that applied 2 mA via 3.14 cm2 disc electrodes for 15 min targeting (a) dentate nuclei (also, anterior and posterior lobes), and (b) lower-limb representations (lobules VIIb-IX). A two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed at a 5% significance level on the percent normalized change measures in the overground gait performance. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was performed on the quantitative gait parameters as response variables to the mean lobular electric field strength as the predictors. Clinical assessments were performed with the Ten-Meter walk test (TMWT), Timed Up & Go (TUG), and the Berg Balance Scale based on minimal clinically important differences (MCID). Results The ctDCS montage specific effect was found significant using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test at a 5% significance level for 'Step Time Affected Leg' (p = 0.0257) and '%Stance Time Unaffected Leg' (p = 0.0376). The changes in the quantitative gait parameters were found to be correlated to the mean electric field strength in the lobules based on PLSR analysis (R2 statistic = 0.6574). Here, the mean electric field strength at the cerebellar lobules, Vermis VIIIb, Ipsi-lesional IX, Vermis IX, Ipsi-lesional X, had the most loading and were positively related to the 'Step Time Affected Leg' and '%Stance Time Unaffected Leg,' and negatively related to the '%Swing Time Unaffected Leg,' '%Single Support Time Affected Leg.' Clinical assessments found similar improvement in the TMWT (MCID: 0.10 m/s), TUG (MCID: 8 s), and BBS score (MCID: 12.5 points) for both the ctDCS montages. Conclusion Our feasibility study found an association between the lobular mean electric field strength and the changes in the quantitative gait parameters following a single ctDCS session in chronic stroke. Both the ctDCS montages improved the clinical outcome measures that should be investigated with a larger sample size for clinical validation. Trial registration: Being retrospectively registered.

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