A Review of Thermal Design for Buildings in Hot Climates

Most of the developed world currently lives above the tropic of Cancer in cold climate regions. It follows that most of the top architectural firms are from the same countries, and most of their work is based on that experience. Experience that does not travel well to hotter countries. This paper is mainly concerned with the climates of the Middle East region, which are hot in summer and have mild or cold winters, and where the humidity ranges from dry to humid. It is a review of the factors, designs, and solutions that designers sometimes ignore, undervalue, or on the other hand, put too much weight on when working in such climates. An overview of thermal solutions is conducted, and a critique and suitability of each one for hotter climates are offered. Some of the solutions, which are thought to be helpful, have little benefit, especially traditional ones, which are not up to present-day standards and lifestyles. Others, such as courtyards, do more harm than good. A couple of case studies to evaluate houses with and without thermal measures showed improvements of 23-48%. The paper will evaluate architectural, cooling, and building design solutions according to suitability in dry and medium humidity, warm and hot countries.

Download Full-text

The American-Turkish Political Relations 1991-2001 A.D.

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) ◽

10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 2451-2458

Author(s):

Ahmed Mahmood Alaw Al-Samarrae , Et. al.

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Middle East ◽

Political Process ◽

The United States ◽

The Other ◽

The Black Sea ◽

The Balkans ◽

East Region ◽

Middle East Region

The U.S. Turkish relations are one of the issues of interest to the researcher in the field of politics as it is a relationship between two important and active parties in the international arena, especially the Middle East region. The United States had a great interest in Turkey's siding with the West. Turkey also found its interest in that, so we found it a member of the NATO. In contrast to the expected after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Turkey's importance in the strategic perception of the United States did not end, especially since Turkey's geographical proximity seemed to be more strained and changing, not to mention the Western model adopted by Turkey, which the United States wants to be an example in the region. The American- Turkish relations for the period (1991-2001) were influenced by radical and fundamental changes. These variables are either internal or international. The internal factors influencing this relationship lie in the Turkish political parties which play a major role in the political process. The other factor is the Kurdish issue, which Turkey is dealing with very cautiously, while the United States has used it as a pressure card on the Turkish governments. It has not pursued a consistent policy on the issue and has always appeared against human rights violations. The other external factors, including the Cyprus issue, are a source of concern for the alliance strategy between the two countries from the 1960s until the present, and there is the matter of dealing with terrorism especially after the events of 11 September 2001. The other factor is the question of the EU accession which is the Turkish dream and the source of interest for its foreign policy. Which the United States is trying to show that it is the only one who able to persuade the Europeans to accept the membership of Turkey. Turkut Ouzel's government has sought to play a pivotal role at the regional and global levels and in the realization of Turkish interests in the Central Asian republics, the Black Sea basin, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East region, the Arab neighbors, Israel, Iran and the Balkans, beside achieving the economic development and self-sufficiency; efforts are incessant to fulfill those ambitions. Turkey has acted to change the unilateral approach towards the United States and the NATO to another one that includes multilateral policies related to the normalization of relations with the African and Asian worlds as well as neighboring countries.

Download Full-text

الشيخ محمد محفوظ الترمسي الجاوي الإندونيسي وأسانيده في علم القفه

AL-IHKAM Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial ◽

10.19105/al-lhkam.v12i2.1369 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 272-314

Author(s):

Kholil Syu'aib

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

The Other ◽

East Region ◽

The Veil ◽

Middle East Region

Pembahasan ini mengungkapkan tentang sanad dalam ilmu fiqh Syaikh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi (1285-1338 H./1864-1917 M.), salah seorang ulama Nusantara (Indonesia) asal tanah Jawa, yang namanya sangat harum dan populer di wilayah Timur Tengah, khususnya di Kota Mekkah. Tema ini dibahas dengan tujuan untuk menyingkap sesuatu di balik tabir kebesaran namanya. Kajian ini bersumber dari karya monumentalnya dalam bidang sanad yang berjudul “Hidayah al-Mustafid li Ma ‘Ala min al-Asanid.” Setelah dilakukan penerokaan secara seksama ditemukan bahwa ternyata Syaikh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi memiliki otoritas sanad dalam ilmu fiqh di samping sanad ilmu-ilmu yang lain. Setiap ilmu fiqh ia pelajari dan kitab fiqh yang ia baca kepada guru-gurunya ia diberi ijazah yang disertai dengan sanad yang bersambung kepada ulama fiqh dan pengarang kitab fiqh. Dengan demikian, prediket “fuqaha” yang telah disandangkan kepadanya, bukan karena hanya penguasaannya yang mendalam terkait materi-materi ilmu fiqh, tetapi juga karena otoritas sanad yang ia pegang dalam ilmu ini, sehingga ia menjadi fuqaha yang referesentatif bagi umat Islam, khususnya di kalangan mazhab Syafi’i. This discussion reveals about sanad in the fiqh knowledge of Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi (1285-1338 AH/1864-1917 AD), one of the Nusantara (Indonesia) scholars from Java land, whose name is very fragrant and popular in the Middle East region, especially in the Mecca city. This theme is discussed with the aim to uncover something behind the veil of his name. This study is derived from his monumental work in the field of sanad entitled "Hidayah al-Mustafid li Ma ‘Ala al Asanid." After carefully carried out it was found that Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi has sanad authority in the fiqh knowledge and the other knowledges. Every fiqh knowledge he studied and fiqh books that he read to his teachers he was given a diploma accompanied by a sanad that continued to fiqh scholars and authors of fiqh books. Thus, the predicate "fuqaha" that has been attributed to him, not because only his profound mastery of the material knowledge of fiqh, but also because sanad authority that he holds in this knowledge, so he became a representative fuqaha for Muslims, especially among Shafi'i school.

Download Full-text

In Quest of a Second Boom

Contemporary Arab Affairs ◽

10.1525/caa.2018.000015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1-2) ◽

pp. 257-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shirzad Azad

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Middle East ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Gulf Cooperation Council ◽

East Region ◽

Personal Motivation ◽

Policy Measures ◽

The Republic ◽

Middle East Region ◽

Different Parts

In spite of her troubled presidency at home and premature, ignominious exit from power, Park Geun-hye made serious attempts to bolster the main direction of the Republic of Korea’s (ROK) foreign policy toward the Middle East. A collaborative drive for accomplishing a new momentous boom was by and large a dominant and recurring theme in the Park government’s overall approach to the region. Park enjoyed both personal motivation as well as politico-economic justifications to push for such arduous yet potentially viable objective. Although the ROK’s yearning for a second boom in the Middle East was not ultimately accomplished under the Park presidency, nonetheless, the very aspiration played a crucial role in either rekindling or initiating policy measures in South Korea’s orientation toward different parts of a greater Middle East region, extending from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to Morocco.

Download Full-text

Regional and international strategic visions of actors In the Middle East

Tikrit Journal For Political Science ◽

10.25130/poltic.v0i0.180 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 581

Author(s):

Mohammed Moazaz Iskandar Al - Hadithi

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

East Region ◽

Middle East Region

The Middle East region is of great importance in the strategic realization of regional and international actors. Therefore, the hypothesis that the research tries to prove is that the Middle East region is of great strategic importance due to the set of constituents, whether civilizational, economic or geopolitical. The emergence of different strategic visions, whether regional or international actors in the region.

Download Full-text

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

Tikrit Journal For Political Science ◽

10.25130/poltic.v0i0.165 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽

Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

East Asia ◽

Balance Of Power ◽

Western World ◽

International Conflicts ◽

The South ◽

The West ◽

The North ◽

East Region ◽

Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

Download Full-text

Turkey’s foreign policy priorities in the Middle East and Afghanistan

OOO Zhurnal Voprosy Istorii ◽

10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi59 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽

pp. 228-237

Author(s):

Marina Shpakovskaya ◽

Oleg Barnashov ◽

Arian Mohammad Hassan Shershah ◽

Asadullah Noori ◽

Mosa Ziauddin Ahmad

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Middle East ◽

The United States ◽

Turkish Foreign Policy ◽

Security Issues ◽

New Approaches ◽

East Region ◽

History Of ◽

Middle East Region

The article discusses the features and main approaches of Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East. Particular attention is paid to the history of the development of Turkish-American relations. The causes of the contradictions between Turkey and the United States on the security issues of the Middle East region are analyzed. At the same time, the commonality of the approaches of both countries in countering radical terrorism in the territories adjacent to Turkey is noted. The article also discusses the priority areas of Turkish foreign policy, new approaches and technologies in the first decade of the XXI century.

Download Full-text