DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF CHURCHES IN THE CITY OF CAMERINO AFTER THE 2016 CENTRAL ITALY SEISMIC SEQUENCE

Abstract The 1703 Mw 6.9 seismic sequence (I0 11 Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg scale) was one of the most important crises ever occurred in Italy and has left a deep mark on the seismic history of cities and towns of central Italy. Abundant documents testify the damage suffered by the city of Rome during this sequence; however, the descriptions are mainly referred to monumental buildings. For the recent macroseismic practice, such edifices are not statistically representative when used for assessing macroseismic intensity; instead, the information about residential housing provides reliable data especially when using the European Macroseismic Scale 1998. In this work, we show that useful information regarding the ordinary residential stock can be retrieved in the bureaucratic documentation, apparently distant from the repertoires traditionally used for historical seismology studies. In particular, we used administrative acts granted by the government of Rome to authorize maintenance works on the external parts of the buildings, namely the “Lettere Patenti.” The scrutiny of these sources allowed us to enrich the available dataset introducing 93 new damage points found on civil building stock spread in the historic center of Rome. The new dataset contributes to better define the picture of the effects of the 1703 seismic sequence in Rome, which allowed us to assess macroseismic intensity with more confidence.

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Failure Analysis of Apennine Masonry Churches Severely Damaged during the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11020058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 58 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francesco Clementi

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Central Italy ◽

Numerical Data ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

Nonlinear Material ◽

Seismic Sequence ◽

Nonlinear Approach ◽

Nonlinear Static ◽

Masonry Churches ◽

Global And Local

This paper presents a detailed study of the damages and collapses suffered by various masonry churches in the aftermath of the seismic sequence of Central Italy in 2016. The damages will first be analyzed and then compared with the numerical data obtained through 3D simulations with eigenfrequency and then nonlinear static analyses (i.e., pushover). The main purposes of this study are: (i) to create an adequately consistent sensitivity study on several definite case studies to obtain an insight into the role played by geometry—which is always unique when referred to churches—and by irregularities; (ii) validate or address the applicability limits of the more widespread nonlinear approach, widely recommended by the Italian Technical Regulations. Pushover analyses are conducted assuming that the masonry behaves as a nonlinear material with different tensile and compressive strengths. The consistent number of case studies investigated will show how conventional static approaches can identify, albeit in a qualitative way, the most critical macro-elements that usually trigger both global and local collapses, underlining once again how the phenomena are affected by the geometry of stones and bricks, the texture of the wall face, and irregularities in the plan and elevation and in addition to hypotheses made on the continuity between orthogonal walls.

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Damage assessment of San Francesco Church in Amandola hit by Central Italy 2016-2017 seismic event

10.1063/5.0026427 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ersilia Giordano ◽

Angela Ferrante ◽

Elisa Ribilotta ◽

Francesco Clementi ◽

Stefano Lenci

Keyword(s):

Damage Assessment ◽

Seismic Event ◽

Central Italy

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Exceedance of design actions in epicentral areas: insights from the ShakeMap envelopes for the 2016–2017 central Italy sequence

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10518-021-01192-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iunio Iervolino ◽

Pasquale Cito ◽

Chiara Felicetta ◽

Giovanni Lanzano ◽

Antonio Vitale

Keyword(s):

Earthquake Engineering ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Structural Engineering ◽

Central Italy ◽

Civil Defense ◽

Point Of View ◽

Seismic Sequence ◽

Ground Shaking ◽

Motion Effect ◽

Observed Damage

AbstractShakeMap is the tool to evaluate the ground motion effect of earthquakes in vast areas. It is useful to delimit the zones where the shaking is expected to have been most significant, for civil defense rapid response. From the earthquake engineering point of view, it can be used to infer the seismic actions on the built environment to calibrate vulnerability models or to define the reconstruction policies based on observed damage vs shaking. In the case of long-lasting seismic sequences, it can be useful to develop ShakeMap envelopes, that is, maps of the largest ground intensity among those from the ShakeMap of (selected) events of a seismic sequence, to delimit areas where the effects of the whole sequence have been of structural engineering relevance. This study introduces ShakeMap envelopes and discusses them for the central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence. The specific goals of the study are: (i) to compare the envelopes and the ShakeMap of the main events of the sequence to make the case for sequence-based maps; (ii) to quantify the exceedance of design seismic actions based on the envelopes; (iii) to make envelopes available for further studies and the reconstruction planning; (iv) to gather insights on the (repeated) exceedance of design seismic actions at some sites. Results, which include considerations of uncertainty in ShakeMap, show that the sequence caused exceedance of design hazard in thousands of square kilometers. The most relevant effects of the sequence are, as expected, due to the mainshock, yet seismic actions larger than those enforced by the code for structural design are found also around the epicenters of the smaller magnitude events. At some locations, the succession of ground-shaking that has excited structures, provides insights on structural damage accumulation that has likely taken place; something that is not accounted for explicitly in modern seismic design. The envelopes developed are available as supplemental material.

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Along-strike rupture directivity of earthquakes of the 2009 L'Aquila, central Italy, seismic sequence

Geophysical Journal International ◽

10.1093/gji/ggv275 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 203 (1) ◽

pp. 399-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

G. Calderoni ◽

A. Rovelli ◽

Y. Ben-Zion ◽

R. Di Giovambattista

Keyword(s):

Central Italy ◽

Seismic Sequence ◽

Rupture Directivity

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III. Villanovan Veii

Papers of the British School at Rome ◽

10.1017/s006824620001093x ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. B. Ward-Perkins

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Late Antiquity ◽

Central Italy ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Long Period ◽

The Social ◽

Precise Relationship ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The City

The roads and gates described in the previous section are of very varied dates, and many of them were in use over a long period. They have been described first because they constitute the essential framework for any serious topographical study of Veii. Within this framework the city developed, and in this and the following sections will be found described, period by period, the evidence for that development, from the first establishment of Veii in Villanovan times down to its final abandonment in late antiquity.Whatever the precise relationship of the Villanovan to the succeeding phases of the Early Iron Age in central Italy in terms of politics, race or language, it is abundantly clear that it was within the Villanovan period that the main lines of the social and topographical framework of historical Etruria first took shape. Veii is no exception. Apart from sporadic material that may have been dropped by Neolithic or Bronze Age hunters, there is nothing from the Ager Veientanus to suggest that it was the scene of any substantial settlement before the occupation of Veii itself by groups of Early Iron Age farmers, a part of whose material equipment relates them unequivocally to the Villanovan peoples of coastal and central Etruria.

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