ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTl0N RESULTING FROM OLIVE OIL PRODUCTION IN PALESTINE

The level of the environmental impact of olive oil production in Palestine was evaluated by measuring the parameters: pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), the concentration of fat; oil, and grease (FOG), phenols, electric conductivity (EC) total phosphorus (T-P), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, and compared with the Jordanian standard values. The results show that the value of these parameters are too high. A local survey has also been conducted by designing a questionnaire that covers oil production yield, water consumptions in olive washing and in oil recovery, wastewater generation relative to olive processed and oil generated, and solid waste product: The data were collected from 92 local olive oil mills, which were analyzed and organized according to the investigated parameters, and categorized according to local selected areas in the West Bank such as Hebron (South), Nablus (Center) and Jenine (North). The results revealed local variations in oil yield and solid waste product due to variations in the type of olive produced. The olives from the South were found to contain larger solid content than those from the North, .resulting in lower oil yield. The overall results indicated that the average oil yield was 23.7%, the solid waste product was 40.0% while the remaining balance was. the water. content (36.7%) in the olive fruit. A representative value at 1.7 m3/ton for wastewater generation was found to be high compared to similar values in other places of the world. This requires a criterious review of the technology and operation of olive mills in Palestine. The characteristics of OMW were found to violate the standards for OMW and this requires the attention of authorities.

Download Full-text

Simultaneous lipid biosynthesis and recovery for oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-019-1576-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pratik Prashant Pawar ◽

Annamma Anil Odaneth ◽

Rajeshkumar Natwarlal Vadgama ◽

Arvind Mallinath Lali

Keyword(s):

Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Oleaginous Yeast ◽

Fermentation Broth ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Oil Production ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Microbial Oil

Abstract Background Recent trends in bioprocessing have underlined the significance of lignocellulosic biomass conversions for biofuel production. These conversions demand at least 90% energy upgradation of cellulosic sugars to generate renewable drop-in biofuel precursors (Heff/C ~ 2). Chemical methods fail to achieve this without substantial loss of carbon; whereas, oleaginous biological systems propose a greener upgradation route by producing oil from sugars with 30% theoretical yields. However, these oleaginous systems cannot compete with the commercial volumes of vegetable oils in terms of overall oil yields and productivities. One of the significant challenges in the commercial exploitation of these microbial oils lies in the inefficient recovery of the produced oil. This issue has been addressed using highly selective oil capturing agents (OCA), which allow a concomitant microbial oil production and in situ oil recovery process. Results Adsorbent-based oil capturing agents were employed for simultaneous in situ oil recovery in the fermentative production broths. Yarrowia lipolytica, a model oleaginous yeast, was milked incessantly for oil production over 380 h in a media comprising of glucose as a sole carbon and nutrient source. This was achieved by continuous online capture of extracellular oil from the aqueous media and also the cell surface, by fluidizing the fermentation broth over an adsorbent bed of oil capturing agents (OCA). A consistent oil yield of 0.33 g per g of glucose consumed, corresponding to theoretical oil yield over glucose, was achieved using this approach. While the incorporation of the OCA increased the oil content up to 89% with complete substrate consumptions, it also caused an overall process integration. Conclusion The nondisruptive oil capture mediated by an OCA helped in accomplishing a trade-off between microbial oil production and its recovery. This strategy helped in realizing theoretically efficient sugar-to-oil bioconversions in a continuous production process. The process, therefore, endorses a sustainable production of molecular drop-in equivalents through oleaginous yeasts, representing as an absolute microbial oil factory.

Download Full-text

Circular economy in olive oil production – Olive mill solid waste to ethanol and heavy metal sorbent using microwave pretreatment

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 321-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hiba N. Abu Tayeh ◽

Hassan Azaizeh ◽

Yoram Gerchman

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Oil Production ◽

Microwave Pretreatment ◽

Olive Mill Solid Waste ◽

Olive Mill

Download Full-text

Removal of COD from Oil Recovery Industry Wastewater by the Advanced Oxidation Processes(AOP) Based on H2O2

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000479 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Fenton Process ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

Cod Reduction ◽

Oxidation Processes ◽

High Pollution ◽

Industry Wastewater

The combinations of H2O2/Fe+2, UV/H2O2/Fe+2 and UV/H2O2 process were investigated on treatment of oil recovery industry wastewater. Treatment of oil recovery industry wastewater, a typical high pollution strength industrial wastewater (chemical oxygen deman (COD): 21000 mg l-1, biological oxygen demand (BOD): 8000 mg l-1, oil and grease:1140 mg l-1, total dissolved solids (TDS): 37000 mg l-1, total suspended solids: 2580 mg l-1), was carried out by batch oxidation processes. The optimal mass ratio for H2O2/Fe+2 yielding the highest COD removal was found to be 8.658 corresponding to 200.52 g 1-1 H2O2 and 23.16 g l-1 Fe+2 concentrations for 60 minutes reaction time. Fenton process gave a maximum COD reduction of 86% (from 21000 to 2980 mg l-1) and the combination of UV/H2O2 gave a COD reduction of 39% (from 21000 to 12730). The percentage of removal, after the total reaction time (3.5h), H2O2: 8.4 g l-1 and Fe+2: 0.05g l-1, in the photo Fenton process, corresponded to 81 % of the total initial COD (4200 mg l-1). The oxidative ability of the UV/Fe+2/H2O2 process (81%) was greater than that of the UV/H2O2 process (55%) for 80% diluted wastewater. COD removal efficiency for UV/H2O2 process (COD/H2O2=1/2 (w/w)) was 90%, 55%, and 39 when initial COD was 1050, 4200, and 21000 mg l-1, respectively, whereas COD removal was 943, 2320, and 8270 mg l-1, respectively.

Download Full-text

Impact of milling, enzyme addition, and steam explosion on the solid waste biomethanation of an olive oil production plant

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering ◽

10.1007/s00449-015-1519-z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 331-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Andres Donoso-Bravo ◽

E. Ortega-Martinez ◽

G. Ruiz-Filippi

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Oil Production ◽

Production Plant

Download Full-text

Kinetic Modeling of the Biosorption of Lead(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Solid Waste Resulting from the Olive Oil Production

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data ◽

10.1021/je200109k ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 3053-3060 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. Calero ◽

G. Blázquez ◽

M. A. Martín-Lara

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Kinetic Modeling ◽

Oil Production

Download Full-text

Energy Production by Hydrothermal Treatment of Liquid and Solid Waste from Industrial Olive Oil Production

Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling ◽

10.6000/1929-5030.2016.05.03.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 103-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pau Casademont-Lanzat ◽

◽

Belen García-Jarana ◽

Xiaowei Chen ◽

Carol Carreño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Hydrothermal Treatment ◽

Energy Production ◽

Oil Production

Download Full-text

Reuse of drinking water treatment sludge for olive oil mill wastewater treatment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.267 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 887-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. A. Fragoso ◽

E. A. Duarte

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Water Treatment Sludge ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

Hplc Fraction ◽

Mediterranean Countries

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) results from the production of olive oil, which is an important traditional agro-industry in Mediterranean countries. In continuous three-phase centrifugation 1.0–1.2 m3 of OMW are produced per ton of processed olives. Discharge of OMW is of serious environmental concern due to its high content of organic matter with phytotoxic properties, namely phenolic compounds. Meanwhile, drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) is produced in high amounts and has long been considered as a waste for landfill. The aim of this work was the assessment of reusing DWTS for OMW treatment. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to determine the phenolic compounds present and to evaluate if they are recalcitrant. Treatability assays were performed using a dosage of DWTS from 50 to 300 g L−1. Treatment efficiency was evaluated based on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS), total volatile solids (TVS), oil and grease (OG), phenols (total phosphorous (TP) and HPLC fraction). Results from OMW HPLC characterization identified a total of 13 compounds; the major ones were hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, caffeic acid, p-cumaric acid and oleuropein. Treatability assays led to a maximum reduction of about 90% of some of the phenolic compounds determined by HPLC. Addition of 200–300 g L−1 of DWTS reduced 40–50% of COD, 45–50% of TP, a maximum of nearly 70% TSS and 45% for TS and TVS. The OG fraction showed a reduction of about 90%, achieved adding 300 g L−1 od DWTS. This study points out the possibility of establishing an integrated management of OMW and DWTS, contributing to a decrease in the environmental impact of two industrial activities, olive oil production and drinking water treatment.

Download Full-text