scholarly journals Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-384
Author(s):  
KyongHon Pooh ◽  
Ritsuko K Pooh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography ◽  
Arteries And Veins

ABSTRACT Transvaginal high-resolution ultrasound and threedimensional (3D) ultrasound has been establishing sonoembryology in the first trimester as well as neurosonography. Fetal brain is rapidly developing and changing its appearance week by week during pregnancy. The most important organ but it is quite hard to observe detailed structure of this organ by conventional transabdominal sonography. It is possible to observe the whole brain structure by magnetic resonance imaging in the post half of pregnancy, but it is difficult in the first half of gestation and transvaginal high-resolution 3D ultrasound is the most powerful modality. As for brain vascularization, main arteries and veins have been demonstrated and evaluated in various CNS conditions. How to cite this article Pooh RK, Pooh K. Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):369-384.

scholarly journals Contribution of Transvaginal High-Resolution Ultrasound in Fetal Neurology

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurological Prognosis ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography ◽  
Arteries And Veins

ABSTRACT Transvaginal high-resolution ultrasound and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound have been establishing sonoembryology as well as neurosonography in the first trimester. Fetal brain is rapidly developing and changing its appearance week by week during pregnancy. The most important organ, but it is quite hard to observe detailed structure of this organ by conventional transabdominal sonography. It is possible to observe the whole brain structure by magnetic resonance imaging in the post half of pregnancy, but it is difficult in the first half gestation, and transvaginal high-resolution 3D ultrasound is the most powerful modality. As for brain vascularization, main arteries and veins have been demonstrated and evaluated in various CNS conditions. Transvaginal high-resolution 3D ultrasound can demonstrate cerebral fine vascular anatomy, such as medullary vessels and it is greatly expected to estimate neurological prognosis relating with vascular development during fetal period.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Anomalies Detectable in the First Trimester

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Elsa Viora ◽  
Giulia Polarolo ◽  
Simona Bastonero ◽  
Elena Gullino ◽  
Silvia Stillavato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Agenesis Of Corpus Callosum ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Fetal Brain Development ◽  
Central Nervous System Anomalies

ABSTRACT Prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) congenital anomalies is possible in the second and third trimester. Earlier diagnosis is possible for some of these as the complex acranial/exencephaly/anencephaly and alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE). The knowledge of normal fetal brain development and its ultrasound images at the different weeks’ gestation, the expertise of operators, and high-resolution equipment are essential to obtain good results. The diagnosis in the first trimester of some major anomalies incompatible with extrauterine life or associated with severe handicap is useful to inform the couple, to perform additional examinations, and provide them with the option of earlier and safer pregnancy termination. For some other conditions, like agenesis of corpus callosum and hypoplasia or absence of cerebellar vermis, the diagnosis is possible only in the second trimester, so beware not to falsely reassure or scare expecting parents. In conclusion, first trimester ultrasound could be useful for early detection of some CNS anomalies, but caution could be used for others, particularly in counseling couples about prognostic significant of ultrasound findings. How to cite this article Viora E, Polarolo G, Bastonero S, Gullino E, Stillavato S, Sciarrone A. Central Nervous System Anomalies Detectable in the First Trimester. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):261-267.

scholarly journals Fetal brain MRI: how it added to ultrasound diagnosis of fetal CNS anomalies-1 year experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Raafat ◽  
Mahmoud Alalfy ◽  
Omar Nagy ◽  
Samira Saraya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Ultrasound Finding ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cns Anomalies

Abstract Background Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies are the most commonly diagnosed abnormalities of all fetal malformations and are usually primarily discovered on routine prenatal ultrasonography (US). Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technology with high soft tissue contrast that is documented to increase the diagnostic accuracy for detection of fetal brain anomalies. The aim of our study is to analyze the value of adding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the fetal brain to antenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies. Results We diagnosed various CNS anomalies including twelve cases with infra- and supra-tentorial arachnoid cysts, six cases had Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) and its variants, 1 case with mega cisterna magna, 2 cases of holoprosencephaly, 1 case of hydranencephaly, 2 cases with supratentorial hydrocephalus, 1 case of craniopharyngioma, 6 cases with corpus callosum (CC) agenesis, 1 case of extradural hematoma, and 8 cases with Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MGS). MRI diagnosis confirmed the ultrasound finding, without additional information in 23 cases (57.5%%), added an extra finding in 11 cases (27.5%), differentiated between 2 pathologies in 3 cases (7.5%), and changed the diagnosis in 3 cases (7.5 %). The 40 pregnancies resulted in 27 births (67.5%), 2 died directly after birth (5%), 7 terminations (17.5%), and 4 intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFD) (10 %). Conclusion Ultrasound is the gold standard imaging modality for anomaly scan in the second and third trimesters; however, MRI of the fetal brain might be a clinically valuable complement especially when ultrasound examination is inconclusive due to maternal obesity, severe oligohydramnios, or in complicated cases with unclear diagnosis.

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