scholarly journals Effects of Toothbrushing with Fluoride Abrasive and Whitening Dentifrices on Both Unbleached and Bleached Human Enamel Surface in Terms of Roughness and Hardness: An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukran Bolay ◽  
Filiz Yalcin Cakir ◽  
Sevil Gurgan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Machine Surface Roughness ◽  
Hardness Values

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness and hardness of both unbleached and bleached (opalescence; 10% carbamide peroxide) human enamel brushed with water (without dentifrice), fluoride abrasive dentifrice (Colgate Total) and whitening dentifrice (Natural White). Materials and methods Human enamel samples were obtained from third molars and randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): G1—Control (brushed with water without dentifrice), G2—Colgate Total (fluoride abrasive dentifrice), G3—Natural White (whitening dentifrice), G4—Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide) and then brushed with Colgate Total, G5— Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide) and then brushed with Natural White. Bleaching regimen was applied according to manufacturers’ instructions. The brushing process was performed with a modified Nyffenegger's brushing machine. Surface roughness was analyzed with a profilometer. Microhardness testing was performed with a Brinell hardness tester. Results Results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA analysis and Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks tests. There were significant differences in surface roughness values for all groups, which showed an increase in roughness (p < 0.05). When the bleaching treatment combined with brushing with whitening dentifrice was performed (G5), there was a significant decrease in hardness values (p < 0.05). The other groups (G1, G2, G3, G4) showed no significant hardness differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that toothbrushing procedures increased the enamel surface roughness, and that bleaching regimen performed with cleaning treatment, through brushing with whitening dentifrice decreased hardness values. Clinical significance When applied together, bleaching and cleaning treatments may alter the enamel surface roughness and hardness values. How to cite this article Bolay S, Cakir FY, Gurgan S. Effects of Toothbrushing with Fluoride Abrasive and Whitening Dentifrices on Both Unbleached and Bleached Human Enamel Surface in Terms of Roughness and Hardness: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):584-589.

Brushing Effect of Abrasive Dentifrices during At-home Bleaching with 10% Carbamide Peroxide on Enamel Surface Roughness

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins ◽  
Claudia Cia Worschech ◽  
José Augusto Rodrigues ◽  
Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Over Time ◽  
At Home

Abstract During tooth bleaching abrasive dentifrices might change the outer superficial enamel. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the roughness of human enamel exposed to a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent at different times and submitted to different superficial cleaning treatments. The study consisted of 60 sound human enamel slabs, randomly assigned to different treatment groups: G1 - not brushed; G2 - brushed with a fluoride abrasive dentifrice; G3 - brushed with a non-fluoride abrasive dentifrice; and G4 - brushed without a dentifrice. There were 15 enamel slabs per group. Slabs of molar teeth were obtained and sequentially polished with sandpaper and abrasive pastes. A perfilometer was used to obtain the mean of Ra value on the surface of each specimen to initial and experimental times. Bleaching was performed on the enamel surface for six hours daily. After that, each slab received a cleaning surface treatment and was stored in artificial saliva. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD hoc analysis (α =0.05) revealed significant differences in roughness values over time for enamel bleached and treated with different superficial cleaning methods. G1 and G4 showed no significant differences in roughness over time, G2 and G3 showed a significant increase in the surface roughness values. This in vitro investigation showed the sole use of 10% carbamide peroxide did not alter the enamel surface roughness, but the cleaning treatments that employed the use of brushing with abrasive dentifrices resulted in a significant increase of enamel surface roughness. Citation Worschech CC, Rodrigues JA, Martins LRM, Ambrosano GMB. Brushing Effect of Abrasive Dentifrices during At-home Bleaching with 10% Carbamide Peroxide on Enamel Surface Roughness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 February;(7)1:025-034.

scholarly journals Effect of a carbamide peroxide bleaching gel containing calcium or fluoride on human enamel surface microhardness

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério de Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Franco Paes Leme ◽  
Marcelo Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Human Enamel

This in vitro study evaluated the surface microhardness of human enamel submitted to bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) containing calcium or fluoride. Ninety-eight dental blocks (5 x 5 mm²) with polished enamel surfaces were randomly assigned to 7 treatment groups (n=14), as follows: without bleaching and storage in artificial saliva (control); 10% CP; 10% CP + 0.05% calcium; 10% CP + 0.1% calcium; 10% CP + 0.2% calcium; 10% CP + 0.2% fluoride; and 10% CP + 0.5% fluoride. During 14 days, enamel surfaces were daily exposed to a 6-h bleaching regimen followed by storage in artificial saliva. Surface microhardness was measured before (baseline), during (7th day), immediately after bleaching (14th day) and 1 week post bleaching. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). All treatments reduced SM significantly during the bleaching cycle (7th day), immediately after bleaching (14th day) and 1 week post bleaching, compared to baseline and to the unbleached control group. In conclusion, in spite of the addition of calcium and fluoride, all bleaching treatments affected the enamel surface microhardness.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of human dental enamel surface roughness bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide and submitted to abrasive dentifrice brushing

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cia Worschech ◽  
José Augusto Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Roberto Marcondes Martins ◽  
Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Molar Teeth

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness of human enamel bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide at different times and submitted to different superficial cleaning treatments: G1 - not brushed; G2 - brushed with fluoride abrasive dentifrice; G3 - brushed with a non-fluoride abrasive dentifrice; G4 - brushed without dentifrice. Sixty fragments of human molar teeth with 4 x 4 mm were obtained using a diamond disc. The specimens were polished with sandpaper and abrasive pastes. A perfilometer was used to measure roughness average (Ra) values of the initial surface roughness and at each 7-day-interval after the beginning of treatment. The bleaching was performed on the surface of the fragments for 1 hour a week, and the surface cleaning treatment for 3 minutes daily. The samples were stored in individual receptacles with artificial saliva. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test revealed significant differences in surface roughness values for G2 and G3, which showed an increase in roughness over time; G1 and G4 showed no significant roughness differences. The bleaching with 35% carbamide peroxide did not alter the enamel surface roughness, but when the bleaching treatment was performed combined with brushing with abrasive dentifrices, there was a significant increase in roughness values.

Effects of charcoal-based whitening toothpastes on human enamel in terms of color, surface roughness, and microhardness: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzay Koc Vural ◽  
Zeynep Bagdatli ◽  
Ayfer Ezgi Yilmaz ◽  
Filiz Yalçın Çakır ◽  
Emre Altundaşar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Human Enamel
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