Urinary Tract Infection, Vesicoureteric Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy

2013 ◽  
pp. 637-637
Author(s):  
M Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteric Reflux ◽  
Reflux Nephropathy

Primary vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteric Reflux ◽  
Reflux Nephropathy ◽  
Ureterovesical Junction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) describes the flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract when the ureterovesical junction fails to perform as a one-way valve. Most commonly, VUR is primary, though it can be secondary to bladder outflow obstruction and can occur in several multiorgan congenital disorders. There is good evidence of a genetic basis with a greatly increased risk of VUR in children with a family history of VUR. VUR is a congenital disorder, which largely shows improvement or complete resolution with age. Fetal VUR may be associated with parenchymal developmental defects (dysplasia). Postnatally non-infected, non-obstructed VUR does not appear to have a detrimental effect on the kidneys. However there is an association of VUR with urinary tract infection and acquired renal parenchymal defects (scarring). The parenchymal abnormalities detected on imaging, often termed reflux nephropathy, may be as a result of reflux-associated dysplasia or acquired renal scarring or both. It is difficult to distinguish between the two on routine imaging. Higher grades of VUR are associated with more severe reflux nephropathy. The precise role of VUR in pyelonephritis and scarring is not clear and it may be that VUR simply increases the risk of acute pyelonephritis. Whilst most VUR resolves during childhood, it is associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infection and burden of acute disease. Investigation strategies vary considerably, related to uncertainties about the natural history of the condition and the effectiveness of various interventions. The long-term prognosis is chiefly related to the morbidity of reflux nephropathy leading in some cases to impairment of glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, proteinuria, and pregnancy-related conditions including hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and recurrent urinary tract infection. Management is controversial and ranges from simple observation with or without provision of rapid access to diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections; to long-term prophylactic antibiotics or various antireflux surgical procedures.

scholarly journals Effect of vesicoureteric reflux on renal growth in children with urinary tract infection

1981 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M Smellie ◽  
D. Edwards ◽  
I C S Normand ◽  
N. Prescod
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteric Reflux ◽  
Renal Growth

scholarly journals Association of Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR) in Children with Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Afroza Begum ◽  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
Golam Muinuddin ◽  
Ranjit Ranjan Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Renal Scarring ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vesicoureteric Reflux ◽  
Pediatric Nephrology ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Micturating Cystourethrogram

Background: Vesicoureteric reflux is the most common urinary tract anomaly affecting the children which predisposes to higher rates of urinary tract infection and renal scarring than those without VUR. Objective: To find out the associations of VUR in children presented with UTI. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in 36 children aged 1 month to 16 years who were admitted due to UTI in the Pediatric Nephrology Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from July 2009 to June 2010. UTI were evaluated by urinalysis, culture and sensitivity test, ultrasonography of the urinary system with post-voidal residue and micturating cystourethrogram subsequently. Results: This study revealed that UTI were most frequent in boys (P<0.001). Maximum number 19(52.7%) of UTI cases were detected between 12 months -60 months age group of children. Highest number of bilateral hydronephrosis 7(71.43%) and VUR 12(63.15%) were also detected in the were detected in 2-23 months age group of children. Maximum number of 22/38 kidneys (57.90%) with refluxing units were detected between 12 months to 60 months (1-5 years) age group and out of this 16(72.72%) units are of severe grades. Conclusion: Children presented with UTI along with features of obstructive- uropathy must be investigated early and carefully for VUR to prevent recurrent UTI and renal damage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17264 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2013; VOL 37 (2) : 79-84

Urinary tract infection in children

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F.M Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Vesicoureteric Reflux ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dysfunctional Voiding

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest conditions of childhood, affecting an estimated 10% of girls and 3% of boys in the first 16 years of life. Whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria and low-grade lower tract infection pose little or no risk of renal damage, pyelonephritis can cause severe systemic illness and poses a significant threat of long-term renal morbidity. The principal aim of investigation is to identify underlying abnormalities of the urinary tract, notably vesicoureteric reflux. Guidelines on investigation and management published by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence will be reviewed in this chapter. Treatment of dysfunctional voiding and other features of ‘elimination syndrome’ plays an important role in the prevention of urinary tract infection in this age group.

Urinary Tract Infection, Vesicoureteric Reflux, and Urinary Incontinence

2009 ◽  
pp. 745-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Williams ◽  
Premala Sureshkumar ◽  
Patrina Caldwell ◽  
Jonathan C. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteric Reflux

The Conservative Management of Vesicoureteric Reflux: A Review of 121 Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Mordechay Aladjem ◽  
Hayim Boichis ◽  
Marjorie Hertz ◽  
Shmuel Herzfeld ◽  
Uzi Raviv
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Vesicoureteric Reflux ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Grade 3

A group of 121 children with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) grades 1 to 3 managed conservatively were followed-up for a period of six to ten years. In the majority of patients VUR grades 1 and 2 disappeared spontaneously. Prognosis was less favorable in those who were seen initially with grade 3 VUR. A statistically significant higher incidence of reflux disappearance was observed in children who were seen before 4 years of age. In the majority of patients with paraureteric-vesicle diverticulum, reflux persisted. Reflux was more likely to disappear in children with lower incidence of urinary tract infection than in those with multiple infections.

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