Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Stainless Steel Deaerator Trays

CORROSION ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 53t-54t ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. GROVES ◽  
L R. SCHARFSTEIN ◽  
C. M. EISENBROWN
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Short Annealing ◽  
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking

Abstract A case history is given of failures of stainless steel deaerator trays used in a deaerating feed water heater. Trays fabricated from Type 201 and Type 329 stainless steels were reported to have failed by chloride stress corrosion cracking after several months' service. The cracking of the Type 201 was very severe. It is shown that conditions in parts of the deaerating heater promote failure by chloride stress corrosion cracking and the service life of austenitic stainless steels is very short. Annealing after welding of the Type 329 trays would improve resistance to cracking. It is also suggested that Type 430 stainless steel be considered since it is not susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking. 6.2.5, 3.5.8, 7.6.8

Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steel—Effect of Temperature and pH★

CORROSION ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. SCHARFSTEIN ◽  
W. F. BRINDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking

Abstract Overstressed U-bends of Types 304 and 347 stainless steels were exposed to water containing chloride ions to determine the susceptibility of these steels to stress corrosion cracking between the temperatures of 165 F and 200 F. The pH was controlled at 6.5 to 7.5 and 10.6 to 11.2 for the tests. At the high pH, cracks appeared at the edges with little evidence of pitting. At the neutral pH, cracks were found at the edges and associated with pits. Sensitized Type 304 had longer and deeper cracks than annealed Types 304 and 347 in the same exposure time. Conclusion is made that chloride stress corrosion cracking of these steels in the temperature range of 165 F to 200 F is less severe than that experienced at 500 F and that specific conditions are required for corrosion cracking to occur at all. 3.2.2

Using Radioactive Tracers to Study Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steels

CORROSION ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. OVERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Radioactive Tracers ◽  
Surface Cracks ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking

Abstract A combination of radioactive tracer and metallurgical techniques has made it possible to study some of the conditions necessary to produce chloride stress corrosion cracks in stainless steel The existence of charged areas on the surface of steel was demonstrated by autoradiography of samples exposed to solutions containing radioactive tracers. Charged areas on the surface may be created by a high concentration of small sulfide inclusions; the cracks that appeared were initiated within these charged areas. Seven nanograms of chloride on one charged area was sufficient to start corrosion and subsequent surface cracks in a surface of steel stressed by grinding.

Influence of Alloying Elements on the Stress Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel

CORROSION ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. LOGINOW ◽  
J. F. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Magnesium Chloride Solution ◽  
Stress Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract In certain applications, stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels has occurred when these steels are subjected to tension stresses (residual and applied) and are exposed to hot chloride solutions. Although stress corrosion cracking can be prevented by treatments to relieve residual stresses and by control of the environment, such procedures are expensive and not always reliable. An extensive study was therefore undertaken to develop a steel that would-be inherently resistant to stress corrosion cracking. The results of the study, conducted on stressed specimens of experimental steels immersed in a boiling 42% magnesium chloride solution, showed that carbon and nickel improved the stress corrosion resistance of annealed steels, and? nickel and silicon increased the resistance of cold-worked steels. It was also found that nitrogen decreased the resistance of annealed steels whereas phosphorus and molybdenum decreased the resistance of cold-worked steels. Manganese, copper, chromium, sulfur, and aluminum had little or no effect on stress corrosion resistance. This study resulted in the formulation of a steel composition containing 18% chromium, 18% nickel, 2% silicon, and 0.06% carbon, with low phosphorus and molybdenum contents. This steel was melted in an electric furnace; and1 its, stress corrosion, corrosion, and mechanical properties were determined. Test results show that the new steel (called USS 18-18-2 stainless steel) is much more resistant to stress; corrosion cracking than currently available austenitic stainless steels. Furthermore, the resistance of this steel is better than that of a 20% chromium, 34% nickel alloy that is being marketed; for its resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

Grain Boundary Segregation and Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steels

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
E.A. Kenik ◽  
J.T. Busby ◽  
M.K. Miller ◽  
A.M. Thuvander ◽  
G. Was
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Boundary Segregation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Radiation Induced

Irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of irradiated austenitic stainless steels has been attributed to both microchemical (radiation-induced segregation (RIS)) and microstructural (radiation hardening) effects. The flux of radiation-induced point defects to grain boundaries results in the depletion of Cr and Mo and the enrichment of Ni, Si, and P at the boundaries. Similar to the association of stress corrosion cracking with the depletion of Cr and Mo in thermally sensitized stainless steels, IASCC is attributed in part to similar depletion by RIS. However, in specific heats of irradiated stainless steel, “W-shaped” Cr profiles have been observed with localized enrichment of Cr, Mo and P at grain boundaries. It has been show that such profiles arise from pre-existing segregation associated with intermediate rate cooling from elevated temperatures. However, the exact mechanism responsible for the pre-existing segregation has not been identified.Two commercial heats of stainless steel (304CP and 316CP) were forced air cooled from elevated temperatures (∽1100°C) to produce pre-existing segregation.

Wedging Action of Solid Corrosion Product During Stress Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels

CORROSION ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 230t-239t ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. PICKERING ◽  
F. H. BECK ◽  
M. G. FONTANA
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract A study was made of corrosion products and their effects on stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel. Wedging action by solid corrosion products in notches or cracks induces high stresses and eventual failure of specimens by stress corrosion cracking. Data were obtained from stress-relieved and unloaded (externally) specimens so that wedging by corrosion products provided the only source of stress in the specimen. Pressures were measured in excess of 7000 psi due to wedging action of corrosion products. At the base of a notch these pressures developed stresses of the order of magnitude of the yield strength of the metal. Wedging action can provide all the energy required for stress corrosion cracking. A mechanism is proposed which involves a discontinuous type of propagation, with fluctuations occurring over one or a few atomic distances. A running or mechanical type of crack propagation for more than a few atomic distances is ruled out on the basis of the mechanics of the system. 3.4.3, 3.5.8, 6.2.5

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