“Innocent Efforts”: The Brotherhood of Freedom in the Middle East During the Second World War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Wichhart
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

From Buzuluk to London: The Combat Trail and Everyday Service of Women Auxiliaries in the Polish Army (1941–1945)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marcinkiewicz-Kaczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Second World

This article explores the establishment of the Polish Women’s Auxiliary Service (was) as part of the complex story of the formation of a Polish army in exile. In 1941, after the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the Polish Army in the Soviet Union was established. The Women’s Auxiliary Service was formed at the same time as a means to enable Polish women to serve their country and also as a way for Polish women to escape the Soviet Union. The women of the was followed the Polish Army combat trail from Buzuluk to London, accompanying their male peers first to the Middle East and then Italy. The women of the was served as nurses, clerks, cooks and drivers. This article examines the recruitment, organization and daily life of the women who served their country as exiles on the battlefront of the Second World War.

Nigerian Forces Comforts Fund, 1940–1947: “The Responsibility of the Nigerian Government to Provide Funds for the Welfare of Its Soldiers”

Itinerario ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-542
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nwafor Mordi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis study seeks to make an original contribution to the historiography of Africa and the Second World War. It examines the efforts of the Nigerian government and the British Army towards the welfare and comforts of Nigerian soldiers during their overseas services from 1940 to 1947. Their deployments in East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia had brought the issue of their morale maintenance, namely comforts and welfare, to the fore. Extant Nigerian studies of the Second World War have been concerned with Nigerian contributions to Allied victory in terms of diverse economic exertions and those guided by charity towards Europeans affected by the German blitzkrieg, particularly in Britain. Consequently, this paper explains the genesis, objectives, and policy directions of the Nigerian Forces Comforts Fund and its impact on Nigerian servicemen's comforts and welfare. The study posits the argument that constant disagreements and indeed struggles for supremacy between the military and the civil power adversely affected troops’ comforts and welfare. Delayed postwar repatriation of the idle and bored troops to West Africa, in breach of openly proclaimed wartime promises, bred anxiety and made them prone to mutiny. The end of demobilisation in 1947 left many disgruntled ex-servicemen applying for reenlistment.

scholarly journals “Certainly Getting About the World”: New Zealanders’ Experience of the Middle East as a Place During the Second World War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh King
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
World War ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World ◽  
New Zealanders

New Zealand’s longest and most important campaign of the Second World War was in the Middle East. When New Zealand’s Middle Eastern war is discussed, the focus is usually on combat and the lives of New Zealanders on the battlefield. The limited discussion of life behind the lines is dominated by a picture of racism, drunkenness and debauchery with its focal point in Cairo. This article uses primary sources, including diaries, letters and soldier publications, and focusses on how New Zealanders saw the Middle East as a place, through the lenses of the desert, the city, the Holy Land and the ancient world. An examination of these topics reveals a complex and rich picture of respect and loathing, delight and disgust, wonder and disillusionment. Such a picture shows that the one-dimensional understanding of racism and poor behaviour is an entirely inadequate representation of New Zealanders’ Middle Eastern war.

scholarly journals Qui, entre Orient et Occident, mange de la viande, quelle viande et pourquoi ?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Digard
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Afrique Du Nord ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Status ◽  
Second World ◽  
Seconde Guerre Mondiale

Abstract: The consumption of meat depends first of all on religious prescripts: unlike Christianity, Judaism and Islam prohibit certain meats. Then comes the cultural status (distinct from the legal status) of animals: in Europe, the consumption of rabbits has declined due to his assimilation to a “pet”. After an increase in the post Second World War period, meat consumption has been declining in Europe since the 2000s; similarly, in North Africa and the Middle East, its consumption tends to be closer to that of Europe. These fluctuations owe more to changes in living modes and standards than to animalist activism.Résumé : La consommation carnée dépend d’abord de prescriptions religieuses : à la différence du christianisme, le judaïsme et l’islam interdisent certaines viandes. Vient ensuite le statut culturel (distinct du statut légal) des animaux : en Europe, la consommation du lapin a reculé du fait de son assimilation à un « animal de compagnie ». En Europe toujours, après une hausse après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la consommation carnée diminue depuis les années 2000 ; à l’inverse, en Afrique du Nord et au Moyen-Orient, elle tend à se rapprocher de celle de l’Europe. Ces fluctuations doivent davantage à l’évolution des genres et des niveaux de vie qu’au militantisme animaliste.

Why the Muslims Must Fight against Nazi Germany: Muḥammad Najātī Ṣidqī’s Plea

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 471-498
Author(s):  
Israel Gershoni
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Nazi Ideology ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Second World ◽  
Ways Of Life

The term “Islamofascism” has developed and taken root only recently. It is part of a terminology that has been integrated into the academic and pseudo-academic discourse, which defines and explains contemporary global Islamic jihadism. In real time, in the 1930s and during the Second World War, 1933-1945, this term was totally alien to Muslim intellectuals in Egypt and in the Arab Middle East. Islam and fascism or Islam and Nazism were perceived as diametrically opposed terms. For most Arab intellectuals and publicists, who represent what is commonly referred to as Islamic thought or were spokesmen of Islamic movements, it was inconceivable to conjoin these two vastly different doctrines and ways of life. Any attempt to harmonize Islam and fascism, not to speak of the very term Islamofascism or fascist Islam, would have been anathema. This article focuses on the life and work of the Palestinian communist intellectual Muḥammad Najātī Ṣidqī (1905- 1979) and his book al-Taqālid al-islāmiyya wa-l-mabādiʾ al-nāziyya: hal tattafiqān? (“The Islamic Traditions and the Nazi Principles: Can They Agree?”). In this book—which specifically reached out to a Muslim audience—Ṣidqī critically discusses Nazi ideology to show that Islam and Nazism are antithetical. He also strives for convincing the reader of the obligation to refute and to fight against “pagan” Nazi racism. Ṣidqī thus participates in a more broader Arab intellectual current of the 1930s and the time of the Second World War, in which Islam and fascism and Islam and Nazism were perceived as diametrically opposed terms.

Appointment of a medical consultant

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (109) ◽  
pp. 211-211
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Medical Consultant ◽  
Second World

The ICRC has appointed Dr. Roland Marti as its permanent medical consultant.In 1936 he joined the ICRC as a delegate and was sent to Spain during the civil war. On his return in March 1940, he was appointed head of the delegation in Germany where he served throughout the Second World War. Many missions took him to various countries, particularly in the Middle East (1948), Kashmir (1949), Bengal (1950) and Vietnam (1951).

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