Conclusion: Urban inequality

As the rental housing market moves online, the internet offers divergent possible futures: either the promise of more-equal access to information for previously marginalized homeseekers, or a reproduction of longstanding information inequalities. Biases in online listings’ representativeness could impact different communities’ access to housing search information, reinforcing traditional information segregation patterns through a digital divide. They could also circumscribe housing practitioners’ and researchers’ ability to draw broad market insights from listings to understand rental supply and affordability. This study examines millions of Craigslist rental listings across the USA and finds that they spatially concentrate and overrepresent whiter, wealthier, and better-educated communities. Other significant demographic differences exist in age, language, college enrollment, rent, poverty rate, and household size. Most cities’ online housing markets are digitally segregated by race and class, and we discuss various implications for residential mobility, community legibility, gentrification, housing voucher utilization, and automated monitoring and analytics in the smart cities paradigm. While Craigslist contains valuable crowdsourced data to better understand affordability and available rental supply in real time, it does not evenly represent all market segments. The internet promises information democratization, and online listings can reduce housing search costs and increase choice sets. However, technology access/preferences and information channel segregation can concentrate such information-broadcasting benefits in already-advantaged communities, reproducing traditional inequalities and reinforcing residential sorting and segregation dynamics. Technology platforms like Craigslist construct new institutions with the power to shape spatial economies, human interactions, and planners’ ability to monitor and respond to urban challenges.

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The digital divide in individual e-commerce utilization in China

Information Development ◽

10.1177/0266666912450168 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Shizhan Zhu ◽

Juan Chen

Keyword(s):

Digital Divide ◽

The Internet ◽

Digital Inequality ◽

Urban Inequality ◽

First Order ◽

Gender Education ◽

Residency Status ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Using Data ◽

And Migration

Using data from a national survey with 1,288 respondents, this study investigates the socio-demographic determinants of the first-order digital divide (access to the Internet) and the second-order digital divide (e-commerce use) in China. The survey employed spatial probability sampling technology so it would encompass migrants as well as registered residents. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to model the associations between access to the Internet/e-commerce use and demographic characteristics, socio-economic attributes, and migration and residency status. The results demonstrate the significant effects of rural-urban inequality and socio-economic divisions in Internet access. Age, gender, education, and residency were identified as significant predictors for individual e-commerce use. The findings provide helpful information for enterprises wishing to broaden their business horizons. The research can also be used in designing effective policies to reduce China’s digital inequality.

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Ecoville: construindo uma cidade para poucos

Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais ◽

10.22296/2317-1529.2009v11n1p41 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Ricardo Serraglio Polucha

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Social Classes ◽

Land Values ◽

Low Density ◽

Planning Practice ◽

Urban Inequality ◽

The City ◽

Density Development

As pesquisas elaboradas para compreender a urbanização desigual em Curitiba enfatizaram o papel do planejamento urbano nesse processo. Entendendo que essa desigualdade é resultado da forma como se dá a valorização da terra e da apropriação diferenciada desta pelas camadas sociais, torna-se necessário compreender como a prática do planejamento urbano se articula a essa dinâmica. Considerando que o avanço dessa discussão deve procurar revelar as causas dessa desigualdade, e não apenas constatar sua existência, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender essa relação a partir da análise de um caso específico: o Ecoville. Originalmente concebido como uma nova frente de expansão urbana que evitaria a ocupação de áreas impróprias na cidade, sua implantação ocorreu de maneira totalmente oposta, produzindo um espaço com baixa densidade populacional voltado para camadas de alta renda. Argumenta-se que o estudo do Ecoville contribui para construir uma explicação sobre a prática do planejamento urbano em Curitiba, porque evidencia as contradições que são produzidas em torno da valorização da terra. Palavras-chave: Ecoville; Curitiba; planejamento urbano; urbanização; valorização da terra. Abstract: In order to understand the uneven urbanization in Curitiba, previous researches have emphasized the role played by urban planning on this process. Believing that this urban inequality results from the manner that land values and ways of occupation by different social classes are established, it urges then to understand the work extent of urban planning on this dynamic. The goal of this article is to move forward the debate on this field by revealing the causes of this inequality, and not only assuming its existence, through the analysis of a specific case study: “Ecoville”. Originally conceived as a new urban front that would avoid settlement at improper areas within the city, its materialisation followed a totally opposed path, producing a low density development only suitable for upper classes. The research of this case study – “Ecoville” – helps to build an explanation of the urban planning practice in Curitiba, as it reveals the contradictions that stir around land values. Keywords: Ecoville; Curitiba; urban planning; urbanization; land valorization.

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Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality, 1992-1994: [Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles]

ICPSR Data Holdings ◽

10.3886/icpsr02535.v3 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Lawrence Bobo ◽

James Johnson ◽

Melvin Oliver ◽

Reynolds Farley ◽

Barry Bluestone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Urban Inequality

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1 Why Urban Inequality Matters

State of the World's Cities 2008/9 ◽

10.4324/9781849772624-14 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 66-77

Keyword(s):

Urban Inequality

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Urban inequality

Handbook of Urban Geography ◽

10.4337/9781785364600.00027 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 242-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chris Hamnett

Keyword(s):

Urban Inequality

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Co-Creation and bridging theory-method divides

Co-Creation in Theory and Practice ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447353959.003.0006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 87-102

Author(s):

Annaleise Depper ◽

Simone Fullagar

Keyword(s):

Linear Form ◽

New Materialism ◽

Theory Method ◽

Human Relations ◽

Effect Change ◽

Urban Inequality ◽

Complex Processes ◽

The Face ◽

Knowledge Practice ◽

Novel Method

This chapter thinks through the possibilities and challenges posed by Co-Creation as a knowledge practice that is more than a ‘novel method’ for addressing urban inequality. We consider the onto-ethico-epistemological assumptions that underpin the ‘doing’ of co-creation as inventive practice. Drawing upon Barad (2007), Deleuze and Guattari (1987) and post-qualitative scholars (St Pierre, 2011), we ask what claims are made about participatory approaches in voicing issues of marginalisation? How are human and non-human relations recognised in creative collaborations? What role does affect play in the micropolitics of working with different desires, bodies, and techniques to effect change? New materialism offers a useful orientation to thinking through Co-Creation as a material-discursive process that has a rhizomatic, rather than linear form. Moving beyond humanist assumptions about individual creativity and essentialised identity categories, Co-Creation can be understood as a research assemblage that brings into relation objects, desires, bodies and contexts to disrupt, queer, reimagine and contest the normative (e.g. stigmatising of groups and places, and the invisibility of privileged perspectives). Using examples from our own and others’ work we explore the complex processes of Co-Creation projects, as they bring together artists, academics and communities in the face of urban inequality and marginalisation.

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