Across the Reef : Amphibious warfare in the Pacific

Naval Gunfire Support at Iwo Jima

The Sea and the Second World War ◽

10.5810/kentucky/9781949668049.003.0009 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 202-238

Author(s):

Donald K. Mitchener

Keyword(s):

Interwar Period ◽

Marine Corps ◽

The Pacific ◽

Amphibious Warfare ◽

The U.S ◽

The Way

One component of the American amphibious warfare doctrine developed by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps during the interwar period concerned the use of naval gunfire in the softening up of enemy defenses prior to the landing of troops ashore. Historians of the war in the Pacific have traditionally argued that the Americans made mistakes, but that they learned valuable lessons along the way and applied those lessons fairly consistently. This chapter by Donald K. Mitchener asserts that this argument needs modification in the case of pre-assault naval gunfire support at Iwo Jima. It describes how the need to maintain strategic momentum against Japan resulted in a gunfire plan that was not adequate to the task. The chapter also shows how General Kuribayashi, the Japanese commander at Iwo, inadvertently created a defensive scheme that caused the Americans to waste much of the ammunition they expended on their last day of naval gunfire preparation.

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To the Jungle Shore

The Sea and the Second World War ◽

10.5810/kentucky/9781949668049.003.0008 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 171-201

Author(s):

Peter J. Dean

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pacific War ◽

The South ◽

West Pacific ◽

South West ◽

The Pacific ◽

Australian Experience ◽

Amphibious Warfare ◽

Maritime Strategy ◽

Pacific Area

Amphibious warfare was critical to the success of Allied forces in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA) during the Pacific War. However, at the beginning of the war both the Australian and United States forces in the SWPA had little knowledge, expertise, or experience in this form of warfare. This chapter by Peter J. Dean traces the development of amphibious warfare in the SWPA through organization, training, tactics, doctrine, and operations. While focusing on the Australian experience and highlighting the evolution of capabilities between 1942-45 through an analysis of the assaults on Lae (1943) and Balikpapan (1945), it contextualizes this experience within General Douglas MacArthur's maritime strategy and the friction inherent in combined amphibious operations in this theater. The chapter highlights the evolution of the Australian Army from a force almost totally unfamiliar with the practice of amphibious operations to one which, in combination with its United States coalition partner, becomes a practitioner par excellence in this form of warfare.

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Gas gangrene in amphibious warfare in the Pacific area

The American Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1016/s0002-9610(44)90194-7 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 290-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Harry B. Neel ◽

James P. Cole

Keyword(s):

Gas Gangrene ◽

The Pacific ◽

Amphibious Warfare ◽

Pacific Area

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The Philological Association of The Pacific Coast

PMLA ◽

10.1017/s0030812900130597 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1373-1374

Keyword(s):

Annual Meeting ◽

Pacific Coast ◽

Stanford University ◽

The Pacific

The thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Philological Association of the Pacific Coast was held at Stanford University, California, on November 29 and 30, 1935.

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A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103486 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

G.C. Bellolio ◽

K.S. Lohrmann ◽

E.M. Dupré

Keyword(s):

Morphological Description ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

The Pacific ◽

Argopecten Purpuratus ◽

Veliger Larvae ◽

20 Nm ◽

Ethanol Series ◽

Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

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