scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Infants Born to HIV Positive Mothers Attending Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
KEEFA WAMALA ◽  
Ronald Nuwamanya ◽  
Moses Muwanga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: Uganda has an estimated 1.4 million people living with HIV with about 52,000 infections occurring every year. In 2018, 160,000 children were reported to have become infected with HIV. Globally, HIV exposed infants have delayed access to Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV, thus hampering efforts towards zero new infections. In Uganda, the prevalence of HIV among infants is not recorded, peak mortality for infants born with HIV occurs between 2 and 3 months of age. Vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child is the second commonest route of transmission of HIV in Uganda accounting for 18% of all new infections. This study assessed the prevalence of HIV and associated risk factors among infants born to HIV positive mothers attending Entebbe regional referral hospital. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted at a paediatric ward and Mother-Child Health (MCH) General Department of Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital. The study included 78 HIV-exposed infants whose blood samples were collected and analyzed to know their HIV status and data about risk factors was also collected. Data were collected using questionnaires from mothers. Data were then entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed by SPSS Version 20. Results: The prevalence of HIV infection among HIV exposed infants is 5.1%.  Delay in child diagnosis, breastfeeding was the factors that increased the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in this study. Conclusion and recommendations: Having such a significant figure greater than the proposed WHO recommendation of less than 5% new infections in infants in the era of the world’s pledge to eliminate MTCT of HIV is unbearable therefore, interventions need to be done to lower this prevalence

Mother-to-child HIV-transmission prevention programs in a sub-Saharan African setting: The Gabonese experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armel Mintsa-Ndong ◽  
Corneille Ndong-Ella ◽  
Roselyne K Boussougou ◽  
Léatitia M Busugu ◽  
Alexandre Mba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

In many developing countries, mothers’ awareness remains a challenge despite the scaling up of antenatal care and programs preventing mother-to-child (MTC) HIV transmission. The present study was done in Libreville, Gabon where all antenatal care (delivery included) is free of charge. Here we assessed the timing of antenatal antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis initiation, HIV-exposed infants’ age at their first postnatal HIV check visit and investigated the association between mothers’ awareness or knowledge on their ARV therapy and infants’ HIV infection. We interviewed HIV-positive mothers on their first and subsequent laboratory visits to investigate infants’ HIV status and tested infants for HIV RNA and antibody between 2012 and 2014. We established that (1) of 718 HIV-positive mothers, only 6% were fully aware and knew what ARV treatment they were on during pregnancy; (2) half of the women (54%) start their antenatal ARV prophylaxis initiation during the second trimester of pregnancy; (3) 64% of HIV-exposed infants had their first HIV infection screening between birth and three months of age; (4) the overall prevalence of HIV infection in infants born from infected mothers was 8.9%; and (5) infants born from mothers uncertain about taking prophylactic ARV therapy were 13.3 times more likely to be infected by HIV than infants born from mothers certain about taking prophylactic ARV therapy. In conclusion, the study showed that despite free antenatal care, early access and adherence to components of MTC, HIV transmission preventive care remains unsatisfactory.

scholarly journals Incidence of postpartum infection, outcomes and associated risk factors at Mbarara regional referral hospital in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ngonzi ◽  
Lisa M. Bebell ◽  
Yarine Fajardo ◽  
Adeline A. Boatin ◽  
Mark J. Siedner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis on adoption of WHO-recommended infant feeding practices among HIV positive mothers in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Belachew Dagnew ◽  
Mulat Dagnew Teferi
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Abstract Background The prevalence of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended infant feeding practices for HIV exposed infants is low in developing countries. There is no nationwide representative study was done in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of WHO-recommended infant feeding practices among HIV-positive mothers in Ethiopia. Methods EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, CINHAL, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and hand searches of references were extensively searched to find out the primary articles. This study was included in all primary articles published in peer review journals regarding the recommended infant feeding practices in Ethiopia. Reviewers were used a standardized Microsoft Excel format to extract the data and analyzed it with Stata 11 version software. The pooled prevalence of recommended infant feeding practices among HIV exposed infants was estimated by a random-effect model. The sources of variation between the studies were identified by the I2 statistics test. Furthermore, the source of heterogeneity was checked by subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out for included articles to identify extreme values that affect the outcome of pooled results. Results A total of twenty-one articles were included in this study. The random effect pooled prevalence of WHO-recommended infant feeding practices in Ethiopia was 82.76% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 75.4, 90.11) with the heterogeneity of I2 = 93.7 with a value of p < 0.001. The subgroup analysis result showed that the highest prevalence of WHO-recommended infant feeding practices was observed in the retrospective cohort study design, 89.45%, and the lowest prevalence was found in cross-sectional studies, 80.67%. Mothers who disclosed their HIV serostatus to their spouses OR = 2.88(2.27, 3.66) and attended antenatal care visits OR = 4.62(3.13, 6.83) were more likely to follow the WHO-recommended infant feeding practices than their counterparts. Conclusion Two out of ten HIV exposed infants received mixed feeding in Ethiopia. Health professionals should support and counsel HIV positive mothers to disclose their HIV serostatus to their spouses and advertisements in general or community health workers can get this message out to encourage using antenatal care services during the pregnancy period were recommended to increase the adoption of WHO recommended infant feeding practices and decrease their infant’s risk of morbidity, including HIV infection.

scholarly journals Loss to follow-up and associated maternal factors among HIV-exposed infants at the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogers Ankunda ◽  
Samuel Nambile Cumber ◽  
Catherine Atuhaire ◽  
Kabanda Taseera ◽  
Claude Ngwayu Nkfusai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background Loss to follow-up (LTFU) deprives HIV-exposed infants the lifesaving care required and results in exposing HIV free infants to virus requisition risk. We aimed to determine the rate of LTFU, postnatal mother-to-child HIV-transmission and to identify maternal factors associated with LTFU among HIV-exposed infants enrolled at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital PMTCT clinic. Methods Study participants were infants born to HIV-positive mothers enrolled in the PMTCT clinic for HIV care at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. While access database in the Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) clinic provided data on infants, the open medical record system database at the ISS clinic provided that for mothers. Infants were classified as LTFU if they had not complete their follow-up schedule by 18 months of age. At 18 months, an infant is expected to receive a rapid diagnostic test before being discharged from the PMTCT clinic. Postnatal MTCT of HIV was calculated as a proportion of infants followed and tested from birth to 18 months of age. Logistic regression was used to determine possible associations between mothers’ characteristics and LTFU. In-depth interviews of mothers of LTFU infants and health workers who attend to the HIV-exposed infants were carried out to identify factors not captured in the electronic database. Results Out of 1624 infants enrolled at the clinic, 533 (33%) were dropped for lack of mother’s clinic identification number, 18 (1.1%) were either dead or transferred out. Out of 1073 infants analysed, 515 (48%) were LTFU while out of the 558 who completed their follow-up schedule, 20 (3.6%) tested positive for HIV. Young age of mother, far distance to hospital and non-use of family planning were identified as outstanding factors responsible for LTFU. In addition, in-depth interviews revealed facility-level factors such as “waiting time”. Conclusion This study has revealed a high rate of LTFU among HIV-exposed infants enrolled at Mbarara Regional Referral hospital PMTCT clinic. Young maternal age, long distance to health facility and failure to use family planning were significantly associated with LTFU. Incorporating family planning services in the ART and PMTCT clinics could reduce LTFU of these infants.

scholarly journals Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection and Its Determinants among Exposed Infants on Care and Follow-Up in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fisseha Wudineh ◽  
Bereket Damtew
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Since the scale-up for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services, rates of HIV infection among exposed infants have significantly declined. However, current achievements fell short of achieving the target sets. We investigated mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV infection and its determinants among HIV-exposed infants on care at Dilchora Referral Hospital in Dire Dawa City Administration. A retrospective institutional cohort study was conducted by reviewing follow-up records of HIV-exposed infants who were enrolled into care. Infants’ HIV serostatus was the outcome measure of the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to identify significant determinants. Of the 382 HIV-exposed infants enrolled into care, 60 (15.7%) became HIV positive. Rural residence (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.40, 7.22), home delivery (AOR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.58, 8.38), infant not receiving ARV prophylaxis at birth (AOR: 5.83; 95% CI: 2.84, 11.94), mixed feeding practices (AOR: 42.21; 95% CI: 8.31, 214.38), and mother-child pairs neither receiving ARV (AOR: 4.42; 95% CI: 2.01, 9.82) were significant independent determinants of MTCT of HIV infection. Our findings suggest additional efforts to intensify scale-up of PMTCT services in rural setting and improve institutional delivery and postnatal care for HIV positive mothers and proper follow-up for HIV-exposed infants.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Quality Improvement Strategies on Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in a Public and a Private Hospital in Lesotho

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821986930
Author(s):  
Kelello L. M. Lerotholi ◽  
Manone Rantekoa ◽  
Khotso G. Mahlalefa ◽  
Lerato Hlehlisi ◽  
Aurora O. Amoah
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Routine Service ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Positive Results

We compared quality improvement (QI) interventions for prevention of mother-to-child transmission in a private hospital and a government hospital (GH). From November 2013 to October 2016, data were extracted retrospectively for HIV-positive mothers and HIV-exposed infants. The overall number of mother–baby pairs (MBPs) was significantly ( P < .001) higher at the GH (mean = 294, standard deviation [SD] = 180) than the private hospital (mean = 72, SD = 27). There was a significantly higher number of MBPs receiving care ( P < .001) and routine services ( P < .001) at the GH. The proportion of MBPs retained in care ( P < .001) and receiving the routine service package ( P < .001) was significantly higher at the private hospital. Overtime, indicators at the private hospital peaked significantly in year 2 and reduced moderately in the final year. The trend for the GH showed gradual but nonsignificant improvement in 2 indicators. QI showed positive results in the private hospital. If systematically applied in GHs, QI can support improved services for larger patient volumes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document