maternal factors
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Author(s):  
Kira Simmons ◽  
Nina Meloncelli ◽  
Lauren Kearney ◽  
Judith Maher

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Asmaa M Lafta ◽  
Aida A Manther ◽  
Miami K Yousif

Background: Liver cell injury commonly occurs after perinatal asphyxia. This study aimed to identify the neonatal and maternal factors related to hepatic dysfunction associated with birth asphyxia. Methods: A case control study was carried out in Basra comprising 43 asphyxiated newborns, and 57 healthy full terms enrolled as control. Serum levels of liver enzymes [alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] were measured and compared between the study and control groups. Levels beyond +2SD above the mean of control considered high. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS program version 20. Chi-Square test and ANOVA were used where appropriate, P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Elevated levels of enzymes were studied in relation to selected neonatal and maternal variables. Results: Higher levels of liver enzymes were found related to gestational age > 40 weeks, newborn’s body weight > 4 Kg, mother’s age>35 years, parity > 4 children and maternal medical disease. The results were statistically significant (P<0.05). However, no statistical differences were detected regarding newborn’s gender and growth status, maternal education and mode of delivery. Conclusion: The study highlights the relationship between maternal and neonatal risk factors and perinatal asphyxia associated with hepatic dysfunction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 617-625
Author(s):  
Isabela Callou Sampaio Neves ◽  
Ana Beatriz Callou Sampaio Neves ◽  
Antonio Marlos Duarte de Melo ◽  
Ana Beatriz Sousa Nunes ◽  
Renata Sá Ferreira Brasileiro

Resumo- A mielomeningocele configura um defeito primário do tubo neural mais comum, tal defeito constitui uma das malformações congênitas mais graves do recém-nascido, uma vez que o sistema nervoso central tem início em um tubo que se desenvolve nas estruturas mais complexas do corpo humano. O defeito pode ocorrer na sua porção cranial, resultando em malformações como anencefalia e encefalocele ou na porção caudal resultando em malformações que em grupo são conhecidas como espinha bífida. A mielomeningocele é classificada como espinha bífida aberta e ocorre nas primeiras quatro semanas de gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar na literatura fatores maternos associados ao aparecimento da mielomeningocele. A coleta de dados foi realizada em outubro a novembro de 2021, nas bases de dados SciELO, Google acadêmico e BVS – Brasil utilizando as palavras chaves: “mielomeningocele”, “malformação tubo neural” e “fatores maternos”, sendo necessária também a pesquisa em livros específicos, constituindo uma amostra de 13 publicações. A deficiência de ácido fólico destacou-se como principal fator materno associado à ocorrência da mielomeningocele; além da ingestão materna de anticonvulsivantes, ingestão de fármacos antagonistas do ácido fólico, doenças como o diabetes e a obesidade, deficiência de zinco, baixas condições socioeconômicas e influências perturbadoras como a irradiação e a hipertermia materna. Conclui-se que medidas públicas no combate aos fatores maternos preveníveis são necessárias, uma vez que a mielomeningocele é uma patologia limitante, complexa, com impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e de seus familiares além de requerer equipe especializada e multidisciplinar.Palavras-Chave: Mielomeningocele; Malformações; Espinha bífida. Abstract- Myelomeningocele is a primary defect of the most common neural tube, this defect is one of the most serious congenital malformations in newborns, since the central nervous system starts in a tube that develops in the most complex structures of the human body. The defect can occur in its cranial portion, resulting in malformations such as anencephaly and encephalocele, or in the caudal portion, resulting in malformations that, in group, are known as spina bifida. Myelomeningocele is classified as open spina bifida and occurs within the first four weeks of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to identify maternal factors associated with the onset of myelomeningocele in the literature. Data collection was carried out from October to November 2021, in the SciELO, Google Academic and BVS – Brazil databases using the keywords: “myelomeningocele”, “neural tube malformation” and “maternal factors”, also requiring the research in specific books, constituting a sample of 13 publications. Folic acid deficiency stood out as the main maternal factor associated with the occurrence of myelomeningocele; in addition to maternal intake of anticonvulsants, intake of drugs that are antagonists to folic acid, diseases such as diabetes and obesity, zinc deficiency, low socioeconomic conditions and disturbing influences such as radiation and maternal hyperthermia. It is concluded that public measures to combat preventable maternal factors are necessary, since myelomeningocele is a limiting and complex pathology, with an impact on the quality of life of patients and their families, in addition to requiring a specialized and multidisciplinary team.Keywords: Myelomeningocele. Malformations. Spina bifida.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Eleni Karapati ◽  
Alma Sulaj ◽  
Adamantia Krepi ◽  
Abraham Pouliakis ◽  
Nicoletta Iacovidou ◽  
...  

Background: Galactagogues are substances that promote lactation, although data on their effects on humans remain limited. We investigated the efficacy of Silitidil to increase milk supply and duration of breastfeeding of a specific subgroup of mothers in need of lactation support. Methods: 161 mothers from November 2018 until January 2021 were the study subjects in this retrospective study; during their hospitalization, due to neonatal or maternal factors that inhibited lactation, they were prescribed galactagogues. Mothers were surveyed by telephone interview via a 13-item questionnaire. Results: 73.91%, were primigravidas, 78.26% gave birth by cesarean section (CS) and 72.05% continued to take galactagogues after hospital discharge. Of the neonates, 24.22% were preterm ≤37 weeks of gestation, and 55.9% had birth weight (BW) between 2500 and 3500 g. With respect to breastfeeding rates, 100% were breastfed during their first week, 98.8% breastfed during the first month, 87% during the first 4 months, dropping to 56.5% at 6 months, 41% at 1 year and 19.3% over 1 year of age. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that administration of a galactagogue containing Silitidil (Piulatte-Humana) improves breastfeeding rates at from 1 until 12 months of life in mothers with low milk supply during their hospital stay. Further studies are needed to generate evidence-based strategies to improve breastfeeding outcomes.


Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Zhenfei Xie ◽  
Yi Zhang

How maternal factors in oocytes initiate zygotic genome activation (ZGA) remains elusive in mammals, partly due to the challenge of de novo identification of key factors using scarce materials. The 2-cell (2C) embryo like cells has been widely used as an in vitro model to understand mouse ZGA and totipotency given its expression of a group of 2C embryo-specific genes and its simplicity for genetic manipulation. Recent studies indicate that DPPA2 and DPPA4 are required for establishing the 2C-like state in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in a DUX-dependent manner. These results suggest that DPPA2 and DPPA4 are essential maternal factors that regulate Dux and ZGA in embryos. By analyzing maternal knockout and maternal-zygotic knockout embryos, we unexpectedly found that DPPA2 and DPPA4 are dispensable for Dux activation, ZGA, and preimplantation development. Our study suggests that 2C-like cells do not fully recapitulate 2-cell embryos in terms of 2C-gene regulation and cautions should be taken when studying ZGA and totipotency using 2C-like cells as the model system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2971-2973
Author(s):  
Nayab Hakim ◽  
Hazooran Lakhan ◽  
Farhana Jabeen Shah ◽  
Shams-ul- Haq ◽  
Memona Muntaqa ◽  
...  

Aim: To determine the frequency of maternal factors in patients of still birth in Pakhtoon families visiting hospitals of Peshawar. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Community & Preventive Medicine, Kabir Medical College Gandhara University Peshawar from 1stJanuary 2020 to 31stDecember 2020 Methodology: Five hundred pregnant women were enrolled. All multiparous pregnant women of Pakhtoon families with still birth admitted in Gynaecology wards in public hospitals of Peshawar were included. All multiparous pregnant women of Pakhtoon families with still births with renal diseases, accidental trauma, respiratory diseases and history of physical violence visiting public hospitals of Peshawar were excluded. Results: 65% of respondents were from 31-45 years. Maternal risk factors were education below matric 64.4%, 7% respondents were working, 78% respondents with total income less than 30 thousand. 59.8% with last birth interval less than 2 years. 44% respondents had haemoglobin less than 7g/dl. 40.2% respondents had comorbidity with stillbirth i.e. hypertension. Conclusion: Maternal risk factors were low socioeconomic status, birth interval less than 2 years, severe anemia and hypertension in current study. Keywords: Still birth, Socioeconomic, Ante-partum hemorrhage


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4037
Author(s):  
Carla Martín-Grau ◽  
Ramón Deulofeu ◽  
Nuria Serrat Orus ◽  
Victoria Arija ◽  

In the course of pregnancy, increasing importance is being placed on maintaining optimal fatty acid (FA) levels and particularly n-3 PUFAs to ensure correct fetal development. However, reference ranges for FA have been reported in only a few studies. Our objective is to provide quantitative reference intervals for SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs (n-6 and n-3) in a large population of healthy pregnant women from a developed country. A prospective study of pregnant women (n = 479) was conducted from the first trimester (T1) to the third trimester (T3). A total of 11 fatty acids were analyzed in serum by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and were expressed as absolute (µmol/L) and relative (percentage of total FA) concentration units. Serum concentrations of SFAs, MUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, various FA ratios, and the EFA index were determined. The reference intervals (2.5/97.5 percentiles) in absolute values from T1 ranged from 1884.32 to 8802.81 µmol/L for SFAs, from 959.91 to 2979.46 µmol/L for MUFAs, from 2325.77 to 7735.74 µmol/L for n-6 PUFAs, and from 129.01 to 495.58 µmol/L for n-3 PUFAs. These intervals mainly include the values of other studies from European populations. However, reference ranges vary according to some maternal factors. The FA levels proposed, obtained from a large sample of pregnant women, will be a useful tool for assessing the degree of adequacy of FAs in pregnant women and will help to carry out dietary interventions based on certain maternal factors.


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