scholarly journals Being, Thinking, Writing 'With'

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Scientific Observation ◽  
Rational Knowledge

Once upon a time there were three women: they were known as ‘the woman in black’, ‘the grey-haired woman with the well-developed sense of humor’ and ‘the rather quiet woman with the capacity to shock’. These women, who had known each other for quite some time, were all physicists. They were also friends. As physicists, the woman in black, the grey-haired woman with the well-developed sense of humour and the rather quiet woman with the capacity to shock had learned, and now shared, ‘a specific vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric’. They knew what could count as a scientific observation, ‘what standards of accuracy in determining observations [were] possible, how the words of common language [were] restricted and refined for use in [their particular] scientific discipline’. They knew how to tell the ‘truth’. Rational knowledge and empirical evidence were no strangers to these women who were well versed in what could count as an argument. Consequently, it was said by some that these women constituted a microcosmic rational community.

scholarly journals “He Created the Institute in a New Capacity, It Was His Brainchild”: On Bobodzhan G. Gafurov, Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1956–1977)

2021 ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article focuses on the memoir of the Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academician Bobodzhan G. Gafurov (1956–1977), his work, and the activities of the Institute of Oriental Studies in 1969–1970s. The author shares his memories of Bobodzhan Gafurov and the orientalists’ team of those years, thereby recreating the atmosphere of the Institute’s everyday life at the end of the 60s. The article reveals not only the professionalism of the director of the Institute of Oriental Studies and his contribution to the development of Soviet Oriental studies but also the personality of B. G. Gafurov: an influential and at the same time not indifferent man with an excellent sense of humor. Bobodzhan Gafurov, Doctor of Historical Sciences and First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan in 1946–1956, was appointed to the post of director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences given the sharply increased importance of the East for the Party and his interest in scientific research. A party leader and scientist, Gafurov possessed diplomatic skills and a deep understanding of the specifics of the East. Having made an invaluable contribution to the preservation of oriental studies as a scientific discipline, Gafurov supported the freedom of scientific discussion among orientalists, as far as possible in his time.

Humor Appreciation as Function of Religious Dimensions

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis Saroglou
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Humor Appreciation ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
Psychology Perspective

Religion and specific religious dimensions have been hypothesized to reflect and have an effect on sense of humor, especially from a personality psychology perspective. Some empirical evidence tends to confirm this hypothesis, at least when behavioral (spontaneous humor creation) measure but not questionnaires are used. However, sense of humor is not restricted to humor creation, but includes other components such as humor appreciation. In the present study (based on pencil evaluation of humorous stimuli by 118 participants), as hypothesized, religious fundamentalism and orthodoxy were found to be negatively related to humor appreciation in general and to appreciation of incongruity-resolution and nonsense humor in particular, whereas religious historical relativism was positively related to appreciation of nonsense (= unresolved incongruity) humor. However, religiosity was unrelated to humor appreciation and no religious dimension predicted low appreciation of sexual humor.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effect of Syntactic Alignment on Chinese-English Bilinguals' Code-switched Sentence Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Mengling Xu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Structural Priming ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Alignment Model ◽  
Chinese And English

As one of the most common language phenomena in bilingual settings, code-switching has been studied widely to explore its nature and features. In the current study, the author set out to explore the effect of syntactic alignment on Chinese-English bilinguals' code-switched sentence production using a picture-describing task with a structural priming paradigm. The structural priming paradigm has been frequently used to explore the mechanisms of sentence production. The effect of syntactic alignment was observed, indicating Chinese-English bilinguals were inclined to produce code-switched sentences with the same syntactic structure between Chinese and English. The findings provide empirical evidence not only supporting structural priming during bilingual code-switched sentence production, but also extending the interactive alignment model (Pickering and Garrod, 2004) to interpret code-switching during bilingual sentence production. Implications for code-switching and bilingual sentence processing are discussed.

Challenges to the social motivation theory of autism: The dangers of counteracting an imprecise theory with even more imprecision

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Uljarević ◽  
Giacomo Vivanti ◽  
Susan R. Leekam ◽  
Antonio Y. Hardan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
The Social

Abstract The arguments offered by Jaswal & Akhtar to counter the social motivation theory (SMT) do not appear to be directly related to the SMT tenets and predictions, seem to not be empirically testable, and are inconsistent with empirical evidence. To evaluate the merits and shortcomings of the SMT and identify scientifically testable alternatives, advances are needed on the conceptualization and operationalization of social motivation across diagnostic boundaries.

Integrating perspectives: How the development of second-personal competence lays the foundation for a second-personal morality

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Corbit ◽  
Chris Moore
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Competence ◽  
Triadic Interactions ◽  
Personal Morality ◽  
Integrative Process

Abstract The integration of first-, second-, and third-personal information within joint intentional collaboration provides the foundation for broad-based second-personal morality. We offer two additions to this framework: a description of the developmental process through which second-personal competence emerges from early triadic interactions, and empirical evidence that collaboration with a concrete goal may provide an essential focal point for this integrative process.

Men Are Hierarchical, Women Are Egalitarian: An Implicit Gender Stereotype

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Schmid Mast
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Two Samples

The goal of the present study was to provide empirical evidence for the existence of an implicit hierarchy gender stereotype indicating that men are more readily associated with hierarchies and women are more readily associated with egalitarian structures. To measure the implicit hierarchy gender stereotype, the Implicit Association Test (IAT, Greenwald et al., 1998) was used. Two samples of undergraduates (Sample 1: 41 females, 22 males; Sample 2: 35 females, 37 males) completed a newly developed paper-based hierarchy-gender IAT. Results showed that there was an implicit hierarchy gender stereotype: the association between male and hierarchical and between female and egalitarian was stronger than the association between female and hierarchical and between male and egalitarian. Additionally, men had a more pronounced implicit hierarchy gender stereotype than women.

Socially Shared Regulation of Learning: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Panadero ◽  
Sanna Järvelä
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Optimal Form ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recorded Observation ◽  
Socially Shared Regulation

Abstract. Socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) has been recognized as a new and growing field in the framework of self-regulated learning theory in the past decade. In the present review, we examine the empirical evidence to support such a phenomenon. A total of 17 articles addressing SSRL were identified, 13 of which presented empirical evidence. Through a narrative review it could be concluded that there is enough data to maintain the existence of SSRL in comparison to other social regulation (e.g., co-regulation). It was found that most of the SSRL research has focused on characterizing phenomena through the use of mixed methods through qualitative data, mostly video-recorded observation data. Also, SSRL seems to contribute to students’ performance. Finally, the article discusses the need for the field to move forward, exploring the best conditions to promote SSRL, clarifying whether SSRL is always the optimal form of collaboration, and identifying more aspects of groups’ characteristics.

Structuring Situational Information

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Rauthmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Situational Information

Abstract. There is as yet no consensually agreed-upon situational taxonomy. The current work addresses this issue and reviews extant taxonomic approaches by highlighting a “road map” of six research stations that lead to the observed diversity in taxonomies: (1) theoretical and conceptual guidelines, (2) the “type” of situational information studied, (3) the general taxonomic approach taken, (4) the generation of situation pools, (5) the assessment and rating of situational information, and (6) the statistical analyses of situation data. Current situational taxonomies are difficult to integrate because they follow different paths along these six stations. Some suggestions are given on how to spur integrated taxonomies toward a unified psychology of situations that speaks a common language.

Neuroscience and Ethics

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matthew Liao
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Joshua Greene

Abstract. A number of people believe that results from neuroscience have the potential to settle seemingly intractable debates concerning the nature, practice, and reliability of moral judgments. In particular, Joshua Greene has argued that evidence from neuroscience can be used to advance the long-standing debate between consequentialism and deontology. This paper first argues that charitably interpreted, Greene’s neuroscientific evidence can contribute to substantive ethical discussions by being part of an epistemic debunking argument. It then argues that taken as an epistemic debunking argument, Greene’s argument falls short in undermining deontological judgments. Lastly, it proposes that accepting Greene’s methodology at face value, neuroimaging results may in fact call into question the reliability of consequentialist judgments. The upshot is that Greene’s empirical results do not undermine deontology and that Greene’s project points toward a way by which empirical evidence such as neuroscientific evidence can play a role in normative debates.

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