Effects of Game Addiction on Musculoskeletal System Discomfort and Mental Toughness in E-Sport Players

Background: Mental training and toughness play an important role as well as physical training and toughness in increasing the performance of an athlete. Aim: This study aimed to i) evaluate the mental training and mental toughness levels of elite boxers in terms of various variables, ii) examine the relationship between mental training and mental toughness levels, and iii) investigate the predictive level of mental toughness levels of mental training levels. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 191 elite boxers. The data of the study were collected with the online questionnaire method using the Mental Training Inventory in Sports and the Mental Toughness Inventory in Sports. SPSS package program was preferred for data analysis and independent samples t-test was used for pairwise comparisons and one-way analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons. Pearson Product Moments Correlation Coefficient (r) was used to test the relationship between mental training and mental toughness in elite boxers, and linear regression analysis was used to determine the ratio of mental training to predict mental toughness level. Results: While the digital game playing level of secondary school students was low, their level of loneliness was found to be moderate, and it was determined that there was a significant and negative difference between digital game addiction and loneliness. A statistically significant difference was found between the levels of Digital Game Addiction (DGA7) and the variable of gender, presence of digital devices, and daily digital game playing status. However, it was concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the perceived loneliness levels of the participants and their gender, age, income status, and availability of digital devices. Conclusion: As a result, while the mental training levels of elite boxers differed significantly according to age and being national athlete status, there was no difference according to gender. Mental toughness levels differed significantly according to age categories, but there was no difference according to gender and being national athletic status. There was a positive and significant relationship between the mental training levels of elite boxers and their mental toughness levels. Moreover, it was concluded that the mental training levels of elite boxers were a significant predictor of their mental toughness levels (34%). This result showed that the athletes who want to increase their mental toughness levels should do mental training. Keywords: Mental Training, Mental Toughness, Elite Boxers.

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Fifth Edition: the New Standard

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2000.novdec01 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Christopher R. Brigham ◽

James B. Talmage ◽

Leon H. Ensalada

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Medical Information ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Practical Application ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

Medical Evaluation ◽

Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

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Quick Reference: Chapter 3: The Musculoskeletal System and Chapter 4: The Nervous System

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2000.mayjun03 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 4-4

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Multistep Method ◽

Manual Muscle Testing ◽

Motor Deficits ◽

Lower Extremity Weakness ◽

Residual Symptoms ◽

Muscle Testing ◽

Almost All

Abstract Lesions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whether due to injury or illness, commonly result in residual symptoms and signs and, hence, permanent impairment. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, divides PNS deficits into sensory and motor and includes pain in the former. This article, which regards rating sensory and motor deficits of the lower extremities, is continued from the March/April 2000 issue of The Guides Newsletter. Procedures for rating extremity neural deficits are described in Chapter 3, The Musculoskeletal System, section 3.1k for the upper extremity and sections 3.2k and 3.2l for the lower limb. Sensory deficits and dysesthesia are both disorders of sensation, but the former can be interpreted to mean diminished or absent sensation (hypesthesia or anesthesia) Dysesthesia implies abnormal sensation in the absence of a stimulus or unpleasant sensation elicited by normal touch. Sections 3.2k and 3.2d indicate that almost all partial motor loss in the lower extremity can be rated using Table 39. In addition, Section 4.4b and Table 21 indicate the multistep method used for spinal and some additional nerves and be used alternatively to rate lower extremity weakness in general. Partial motor loss in the lower extremity is rated by manual muscle testing, which is described in the AMA Guides in Section 3.2d.

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Family-, Media-, and School-Related Risk Factors of Video Game Addiction

Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications ◽

10.1027/1864-1105/a000093 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 118-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Florian Rehbein ◽

Dirk Baier

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Video Game ◽

Age Groups ◽

Well Being ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

School Life ◽

Video Game Addiction ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Game Addiction

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.

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