scholarly journals Forced labor: topical issues of law enforcement practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A.S. GABARAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forced Labor

scholarly journals Forced labor as a form of punishment

2021 ◽  
Vol 227 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
ANDREI A. USTINOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Penal Law

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to identify, on the basis of analysis of law enforcement practice and opinions of personnel of the penal system, practical problems arising in the execution of punishment in the form of forced labor, and ways to solve them for the purpose of improvement of the criminal and penal legislation in this area. The expediency of introducing some amendments to the legislation aimed at improving the procedure for the execution of forced labor is substantiated. Key words: penal law, punishment, forced labor, execution of punishment, correctional center.

scholarly journals Forced Labor Exploitation: Illegal Trading in Protected Goods in the Southern African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Godfrey Thenga
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Capacity Constraints ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
Harmonization Of Law ◽  
Share Information

Human exploitation refers to the curtailment of fundamental human rights. The crime plays out notwithstanding the laws that criminalizes human abuses. This study explored the policing of human trafficking and forced labor in the Southern African countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and assesses the capabilities and abilities of law enforcement agencies in the region to curb the scourge. In this study a qualitative perspective was adopted with use of literature study and interviews. The prevalence of organized criminal groupings exacerbates the problem of human trafficking and forced labor in the region. Law enforcement corruption is rife as the police are often accused of acts of receiving bribes. There are capacity constraints in the policing agencies across the region which impacts negatively on proactive enforcement of protected goods. The study reveals that respective law enforcement agencies work in seclusion and do not systematize their databases to share information with other agencies owing to a prevailing cynicism amongst countries. It is proposed that there should be harmonization of law enforcement agencies’ databases to share information for intelligence purposes and to develop defensive and responsive response mechanisms to thwart the crime.

ANALYSIS OF SOME PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE EXECUTION OF CORRECTIONAL LABOUR SENTENCES (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF EMPIRICAL STUDY FOR THE PERIOD 2017-2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Александр Олегович Симагин
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
New Type ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
The Given

С января 2017 г. судами может быть назначен новый вид уголовного наказания - принудительные работы. За указанный период правоприменители при исполнении данного наказания столкнулись с рядом проблем. Автор статьи на основе данных анкетирования начальников исправительных центров и учреждений, функционирующих как исправительные центры, проводит анализ проблем, связанных с процессом исполнения наказания в виде принудительных работ, и предлагает пути его совершенствования. Исследование поводилось за период с 2017 г. по 2019 г., что позволило автору сравнивать показатели, характеризующие ситуацию при исполнении анализируемого вида наказания. Автором отмечается негативная динамика в указанном процессе, что вызвано в том числе и увеличением количества лиц, осужденных к принудительным работам. В статье представлены данные о видах и количестве преступлений, которые осужденные совершают, находясь в исправительных центрах, а также перечислены виды профилактической работы по недопущению совершения преступлений и правонарушений. Кроме того, автор обосновывает необходимость введения в штатное расписание исправительного центра должность оперуполномоченного сотрудника. From January 2017, the courts may impose a new type of criminal punishment - forced labour. Certainly, for the specified period law-enforcement bodies have faced a number of problems at execution of the given penalty. In this connection, the author of the article, on the basis of empirical data obtained from a survey of the heads of correctional centres and institutions operating as correctional centres, analyses the difficulties in their work and proposes ways of improving the process of enforcing the penalty of forced labour. The study was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2019, which allowed the author to compare indicators characterizing the situation in the execution of the analyzed type of punishment. The author concludes that there is a negative dynamics in this process, which is caused, among other things, by an increase in the number of persons convicted to forced labor. The article presents data on the types and number of crimes that convicts commit while in correctional centres, and lists types of preventive work to prevent the commission of crimes and offences. In addition, the author justifies the need to introduce the post of an authorized officer in the Correctional Centre's staffing table.

Pyrotechnic Residues in Gunshot Residue Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
H. M. Sagara ◽  
S. A. Schliebe ◽  
M. C. Kong
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Gunshot Residue ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Smokeless Powder ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Detailed List

Particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x- ray analysis is one of the current methods used in crime laboratories to aid law enforcement in identifying individuals who have recently fired or handled a firearm. During the discharge of a firearm, the high pressure caused by the detonation of the cartridge materials forces a portion of the generated gases through leaks in the firing mechanism of the weapon. These gases contain residues of smokeless powder, primer mixture, and contributions from the projectile itself. The condensation of these hot gases form discrete, micrometer-sized particles, which can be collected, along with dry skin cells, salts, and other hand debris, from the hands of a shooter by a simple adhesive lift technique. The examination of the carbon-coated adhesive lifts consist of time consuming systematic searches for high contrast particles of spherical morphology with the characteristic elemental composition of antimony, barium and lead. A detailed list of the elemental compositions which match the criteria for gunshot residue are discussed in the Aerospace report.

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