scholarly journals Forced labor as a form of punishment

2021 ◽  
Vol 227 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
ANDREI A. USTINOV ◽  

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to identify, on the basis of analysis of law enforcement practice and opinions of personnel of the penal system, practical problems arising in the execution of punishment in the form of forced labor, and ways to solve them for the purpose of improvement of the criminal and penal legislation in this area. The expediency of introducing some amendments to the legislation aimed at improving the procedure for the execution of forced labor is substantiated. Key words: penal law, punishment, forced labor, execution of punishment, correctional center.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Aleksei Rodionov

The article presents a review of a monograph on the problems of penal law “Suspended sentence (release) with mandatory involvement in labor”. The monograph was published in “UNITY-DANA: Law and Right” in 2018 ISBN 978-5-238-03062-3. The author is Yuriy Anatol’evich Kashuba, DSc (Law), Professor, professor of penal law department at the Academy of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia. The monograph is recommended for publication by the Research Institute of Education and Science, as well as the International Educational and Methodological center “Professional textbook”. The monograph is devoted to Institutes of probation with mandatory involvement in labor and conditional release from places of liberty deprivation with mandatory involvement of the convict in labor. These institutions were founded since the decrees adoption of the Supreme Soviet Presidium of the USSR “About parole from places of imprisonment for convicts, who have embarked on a way of correction, for work on constructions of national economy enterprises” (adopted on 20.03.1964), “About probation with mandatory involvement of convicted persons in labor” (adopted on 12.06.1970). After liquidation of the USSR, they were canceled in 1993. Later, the legislator introduced new types of punishment – restriction of freedom, and later – forced labor that borrowed many elements from probation with mandatory involvement in labor (Article 24.2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR) and parole with mandatory involvement of convicted persons in labor (Article 53.2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR). The monograph can be used in improving the norms of criminal, criminal procedural and penal legislation, in the activities of the Penal system, in the process of teaching criminal and penal law and other related disciplines.


Author(s):  
Олег Игоревич Денисенко ◽  
Оганнес Давитович Мкртчян

В связи с увеличением числа преступлений террористической направленности разрешения требуют вопросы, связанные с обеспечением объектов (территорий) УИС инструментами антитеррористической защищенности, к которым можно отнести такие, как проведение организационно-практических мероприятий антитеррористической защиты объектов УИС, наличие соответствующей документации и ответственного должностного лица, выполнение режимных требований на объектах УИС в соответствии с законодательством РФ, а также обеспечение контроля за количественными и качественными характеристиками эксплуатируемых инженерно-технических средств охраны и надзора. Актуальность проводимого исследования обусловлена необходимостью качественной реализации в правоприменительной практике совокупности требований обеспечения мероприятий по обеспечению антитеррористической защищенности объектов (территорий) УИС с целью защиты прав и интересов всех субъектов уголовно-исполнительной системы от террористического посягательства. Авторами выявляются проблемы правового и организационного уровня при оценке состояния антитеррористической защищенности объектов УИС: формализм при проведении обследований, недостаточный уровень оснащенности объектов УИС инженерно-техническими средствами охраны и надзора, а также финансирования для удовлетворения нужд объектов УИС в части обеспечения антитеррористической защищенности. Помимо прочего упоминаются такие проблемы, как отсутствие унифицированных принципов организации деятельности комплексных комиссионных обследований, разработанных с учетом современных правоприменительных норм и запросов практики, а также обосновывается необходимость повышения компетентности сотрудников ФСИН России при проведении комплексных комиссионных обследований. In connection with the increase in the number of terrorist crimes, the resolution requires issues related to the provision of facilities (territories) of the penal system with anti-terrorist security tools, which include such as the implementation of organizational and practical measures for the anti-terrorist protection of the penal system, the availability of appropriate documentation and a responsible official, the implementation of regime requirements at the facilities of the penal system in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as ensuring control over the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the operating engineering and technical means of protection and supervision. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in law enforcement practice, a high-quality implementation of the set of requirements for ensuring the anti-terrorist protection of objects (territories) of the penal system is required so that the rights and interests of all subjects of the penal system in terms of protection from terrorist encroachment are observed. The authors identify the problems of the legal and organizational level when assessing the state of anti-terrorist security of penal facilities: formalism in conducting surveys, insufficient equipment of penal facilities with engineering and technical means of protection and supervision, as well as the level of funding to meet the needs of penal facilities in terms of ensuring anti-terrorist protection. Among other things, such problems as the lack of unified principles for organizing the activities of complex commission surveys, developed taking into account modern law enforcement norms and practice requests, are mentioned, as well as the need to improve the competence of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia when conducting comprehensive commission surveys is substantiated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 227 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
OLGA R. AFANSYEVA ◽  

Abstract. The article is devoted to the current legislation, which provides for the need for a combination of formal and material grounds for the application of the institution of parole from punishment. However, neither in the theory of criminal law, nor in law enforcement practice, clear criteria have been developed to establish their presence or absence in a particular case. The author of the article makes an attempt of criminal law analysis of the main formal and material grounds for parole, based on materials reflecting modern law enforcement activities. Key words: convict, parole, correction, compensation for damage, punishment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-1000
Author(s):  
Alicia Brox Sáenz de la Calzada

El presente trabajo analiza la polémica existente en el ámbito penal en torno a la creación de un delito de acoso sexista callejero. En un primer momento, se estudia el fenómeno en sí, sus repercusiones victimológicas y los problemas que plantea la falta de regulación penal al respecto, en el ámbito de la Comunidad Europea y en España. A continuación, ante una eventual reforma del sistema jurídico español, se comentan las posibilidades que ofrece el Derecho comparado belga y francés, países cuyos Códigos penales han sido reformados para sancionar este fenómeno. Ambas iniciativas, aunque bien intencionadas, corren el riesgo de convertirse en papel mojado. This paper analyses the controversy over the phenomenon of sexist street harassment under a legal perspective. Firstly, this paper studies the phenomenon itself, its impact on the victims and the problems caused by the lack of Spanish and European penal regulation. Secondly, considering a possible Spanish penal system reform, we discuss the options that Belgian and French comparative Law offers to tackle sexist street harassment. These two countries have reformed their Penal Codes to sanction this phenomenon. Both initiatives, though well-intentioned, run the risk of becoming waste paper.


Author(s):  
Ренат Зинурович Усеев

Раздел 8 Концепции развития уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года предусмотрел создание в структуре российской пенитенциарной системы учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы объединенного типа. Первое такое учреждение начнет свою работу в 2024 г. Автором на уровне гипотезы предлагается рассмотреть основные вопросы, связанные со становлением и развитием учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы объединенного типа. В связи с этим в настоящей статье рассмотрены три основополагающих направления развития данных учреждений: пространственное развитие, законодательство, правоприменение. Каждый из указанных аспектов проанализирован автором с точки зрения как проблем, так и предполагаемых путей их решения. Цель работы - на основе исследования географии исправительных учреждений, уголовно-исполнительного законодательства РФ и правоприменительной деятельности показать основные проблемы, связанные с развитием учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы объединенного типа, и возможные пути их решения. Среди проблем показаны проблемы территориального (пространственного) размещения учреждений объединенного типа, законодательства и правоприменения вновь создаваемых учреждений. Методами исследования в научной статье явились универсальные методы (анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция, аналогия и моделирование); эмпирические методы (обобщение, классификация); теоретические методы (идеализация, абстрагирование, гипотетико-дедуктивный метод) и др. Выводы и результаты работы определяются достижением ее целей. Section 8 of the Concept for the Development of the Penitentiary System of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 provided for the creation of a unified type of penal institutions in the structure of the Penal System of Russia. The first institution such type will begin its work in 2024. The author at the hypothesis level analyses the main issues related to the formation and development of institutions of the unified penal system. In this regard, the author considers three fundamental areas of development of the institutions under consideration: spatial development, legislation, law enforcement. Each of these projects was analyzed by the author in terms of both problems and suggested ways to solve them. The purpose of the work is to show on the basis of a study of the geography of correctional institutions, penal enforcement legislation of the Russian Federation and law enforcement activities the main problems associated with the development of penal correction institutions of a unified type and possible ways to solve them. Among the problems are the problems of territorial (spatial) placement of institutions of a unified type, legislation and enforcement of newly created institutions. The research methods in the scientific article were universal methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and modeling); empirical methods (synthesis, classification); theoretical methods (idealization, abstraction, hypothetical-deductive method) and others. The conclusions and results of the work are determined by the achievement of its goals.


Author(s):  
Анна Владимировна Мусалева ◽  
Никита Алексеевич Кубасов

В статье рассмотрен такой инструмент исправления осужденных, как общественно полезный труд, который в Российской Федерации на законодательном уровне признан одним из эффективных инструментов исправления наряду с другими основными средствами исправительного воздействия. В работе в том числе рассматриваются проблемы принудительного труда осужденных. Авторы раскрыли порядок и условия организации привлечения к трудовой деятельности лиц, содержащихся в пенитенциарных учреждениях зарубежных стран. В статье проводится сравнительный анализ особенностей содержания, условий привлечения к труду осужденных в зависимости от вида пенитенциарного учреждения различных государств, организации работы осужденных, а именно оплаты труда, продолжительности трудовой деятельности, норм охраны труда, реализации права на отдых и социального обеспечения. Авторы помимо этого обобщают опыт трудовой дисциплины осужденных в пенитенциарных системах ряда развитых в экономическом и социальном плане государств. Изучая опыт зарубежных стран по привлечению заключенных к труду, представляется возможным перенять некоторые важные особенности, которые могут быть частично внедрены в отечественную уголовно-исполнительную систему. The article considers such a tool for the correction of convicts as socially useful work, which in the Russian Federation at the legislative level is recognized as one of the effective tools of correction along with other basic means of correctional influence. The article also deals with the problems of forced labor of convicts. The authors revealed the procedure and conditions for organizing the employment of persons held in places of forced isolation from the society of penitentiary institutions of foreign countries. The paper provides a comparative analysis of the features of the content, conditions for the employment of prisoners, depending on the type of penitentiary institution in different states, the working methods of prisoners, namely, remuneration, duration of work, labor protection standards, the exercise of the right to rest and social security. The authors also summarize the experience of labor discipline of prisoners in the penitentiary systems of a number of economically and socially developed countries. Studying the experience of foreign countries in attracting prisoners to work, it is possible to adopt some important features that can be partially implemented in the domestic penal system.


Author(s):  
Екатерина Станиславовна Брылякова

Статья посвящена отдельному виду социальных гарантий сотрудникам учреждений и органов уголовно-исполнительной системы - праву на получение ежемесячного пособия по уходу за ребенком до достижения им полутора лет при сохранении своего рабочего места. Данная социальная гарантия не лишена нюансов: правовая проблема реализации права сотрудника учреждений и органов уголовно-исполнительной системы состоит в том, что он лишен права на «полноценное» ежемесячное пособие по уходу за ребенком. Актуальность данной темы обусловлена тем, что на сегодняшний день Федеральный закон от 19.05.1995 № 81-ФЗ «О государственных пособиях гражданам, имеющим детей» устанавливает для сотрудников органов и учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы ежемесячное пособие по уходу за ребенком в размере 40 процентов среднего денежного довольствия по месту службы за последние 12 календарных месяцев, предшествующих месяцу наступления отпуска по уходу за ребенком. При этом обозначенный нормативно-правовой акт регламентирует минимальный (1500 рублей) и максимальный размер пособия (6000 рублей) для данной категории лиц. Однако для такой категории лиц, как матери, осуществляющие уход за ребенком и подлежащие обязательному социальному страхованию, Федеральный закон № 81-ФЗ устанавливает пособие по уходу за ребенком в размере 40 процентов среднего заработка, на который начисляются страховые взносы на обязательное социальное страхование на случай временной нетрудоспособности и в связи с материнством и не ограничивает максимальным размером. В связи с этим в правоприменительной сфере возникает дискуссионный вопрос относительно приоритетности ущемления прав одной категории граждан над другими в части размера пособия по уходу за ребенком. В статье предпринята попытка разобраться с регламентированным законодателем подходом к определению размеров выплаты пособия по уходу за ребенком определенному кругу субъектов и предложить рекомендации разрешения сложившейся ситуации. The presented article is devoted to a separate type of social guarantees for employees of institutions and bodies of the penal system-the right to receive a monthly allowance for the care of a child up to the age of one and a half, while maintaining their jobs. However, this social guarantee is not devoid of nuances, namely, the legal problem of exercising the right of an employee of institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system is that he is deprived of the right to a “full-fledged” monthly child care benefit. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that today the Federal law of 19.05.1995 No. 81-FZ “On state benefits to citizens with children” establishes for the employees of bodies and establishments of criminally-Executive system of monthly allowances for child care in the amount of 40 percent of the average monetary allowances at the place of service in the last 12 calendar months preceding the month of the onset of leave to care for a child. In this case, the designated legal act regulates the minimum (1500 rubles) and the maximum amount of benefits (6000 rubles) for this category of persons. However, such a category of persons as mothers who take care of a child and are subject to compulsory social insurance, Federal law No. 81-FZ establishes a child care allowance in the amount of 40 percent of the average wage, which is charged with insurance contributions for compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with motherhood, and does not limit the maximum amount. In this regard, in the field of law enforcement there is a debatable question about the priority, infringement of the rights of one category of citizens over others in terms of the amount of child care benefits. The article attempts to deal with a regulated by the legislator approach to determining the amount of payment of childcare benefits to a specific circle of subjects and to offer recommendations for resolving the current situation.


2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Small ◽  
T. Pocock ◽  
P. B. Cavers

Cannabis sativa has been cultivated for millennia in Eurasia and for centuries in North America, as a source of a textile fibre, oilseed, and intoxicating drugs such as marijuana. Considerable literature is available on the agricultural and biological properties of these basic three cultigens, but relatively little is published on wild-growing plants of the species. Most weedy C. sativa differ from the cultigens in a number of ecological properties, particularly with regard to reproductive biology. The species is the classical example of a “camp follower” that is exceptionally adapted to the habitat conditions around settlements: rich, highly manured, moist soils, and open areas resulting from recent removal or disturbance of the vegetation. In Canada, spontaneous populations have been found in all provinces, but forms that have re-evolved wild adaptations are concentrated along the St. Lawrence and lower Great Lakes. The ruderal plants pose a minor weed problem to agriculture but a major problem to law enforcement, and decades of eradication have exterminated many of the naturalized populations in Canada. With the recent re-authorization of hemp cultivation in Canada, it is inevitable that there will be additional escapes and a reinvigoration of the ruderal phase of the species. Mechanical eradication for 2 or 3 yr is effective at destroying populations, and young plants are easily eliminated by herbicide applications. Key words: Cannabis sativa, hemp, marijuana, marihuana, weed, oilseed


FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muchlis

The Circulars letter of deputy attorney of general for special crimes number: B-113/F/ Fd.1/05/2010 can be used as a reference by prosecutors in doing law enforcement against corruption with small losses, but in practice law enforcement, this circular letter is making trouble in practice. The results of this research, namely: the law enforcement against corruption with a small loss of state must pay attention to the values of justice, expediency, and legal certainty. In enforcing the law against corruption with small losses only can be stopped during an investigation by utilizing the exchequer and redress demanded. the reason corruption cases with small losses were still continued by the prosecutor to the court proceedings after enactment of circulator letter because circulator letter contrary to corruption constitution and it has no the strength or binding in legal basis. The Suggestions are addressed for law enforcement officials (police, prosecutor, and judge) in order to do the law enforcement against corruption with small losses in order consider the value of a legal basis, namely: fairness, expediency and certainty. The circular letter of deputy attorney general for special crimes number: B-1113/F/Fd.1/05/2010 in order to be taken as government consideration in formulating the new rules (Ius constituendum). Key words: Corruption, Law Enforcement, Justice


Author(s):  
Yurii Dmytrenko

In the article the nature and content of gender, gender equality are defined on the basis of scientific literature and the acting legal standards analysis, the possibility to implement legal standards of foreign states into the legislation of Uk-raine, the improvement of mechanism as for application of gender equality in Ukraine are studied. Special attention is brought to the creation of effective legal provision and the mechanism of its application in the subdivisions of security and defense sectors of Ukraine. Attention to the disputable problems as for gender equality application in the security and defense sector, in particular as for bringing up to strength special law-enforcement bodies units, airmobile forces, carrying tour of duty etc. is emphasized. Key words: gender, gender equality, legal status, servicewoman, gender policy, active duty, security and defense sector.


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