scholarly journals China’s National Cybersecurity Center: A Base for Military-Civil Fusion in the Cyber Domain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dakota Cary ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Security ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
State Security ◽  
Support Force ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
Oversight Committee ◽  
Strategic Support ◽  
Under Construction

China’s National Cybersecurity Center (NCC) resides on a 40 km2 plot in Wuhan. As one indication of its significance, the Chinese Communist Party’s highest-ranking members have an oversight committee for the facility. Over the next decade, the NCC will provide the talent, innovation, and indigenization of cyber capabilities that China’s Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Public Security, and People’s Liberation Army Strategic Support Force hacking teams lack. Though still under construction, the NCC’s first class of graduates will cross the stage in June 2022.

Empty Stomachs and Unforgivable Crimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-202
Author(s):  
Benno Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
State Security ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
Extrajudicial Killings

This chapter focuses on the aftermath of the Amdo Rebellion and its pacification. It highlights the scale of the violence committed in 1958 and afterward and considers its impact on both the lives of Amdo Tibetans and the Chinese state's nation-building ambitions. Evidence of this violence is littered throughout official Chinese sources and a spattering of Tibetan eyewitness accounts. If the latter are to be believed, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and auxiliary security forces responded to the rebellion with a campaign similar in tactics and cruelty to many of history's infamous counterinsurgencies. This included the widespread use of torture, extrajudicial killings, the emptying of population centers, mass incarcerations, and strategy-induced famine and epidemics. State security forces were not the only ones to commit acts of brutality. One report accused the insurgents of massacring livestock, looting, arson, sabotage, and even murdering and dismembering cadres and activists. Nonetheless, Chinese documents tend to buttress Tibetan descriptions of the state's systematic use of violence and terror against Tibetan and other communities.

Reforms equip China for high-tech wars

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
State Security ◽  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
Support Force ◽  
Economic Espionage ◽  
Strategic Support ◽  
The Military ◽  
National Infrastructure

Subject The Chinese military's Strategic Support Force. Significance China’s newly created Strategic Support Force unifies the Chinese military’s formerly separate space, cyberspace, electromagnetic and psychological warfare components. The force, officially launched in 2015 but still under development, will be crucial for China’s military to operate further overseas and will deepen its capability for ‘joint operations’ involving multiple service arms. Impacts Historical differences in training, systems and culture will slow the development of the newly merged components into a combat-ready force. Economic espionage will probably shift from the military to the civilian intelligence agencies, particularly the Ministry of State Security. Lack of a strong cybersecurity industry will leave China’s own government, military and critical national infrastructure vulnerable.

Long-term outcomes of Boston keratoprosthesis type I: the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital experience

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315617
Author(s):  
Li-Qiang Wang ◽  
Teng-Yun Wu ◽  
Xiao-Niao Chen ◽  
Ze-Quan Xu ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Type I ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Boston Keratoprosthesis ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
People’S Liberation Army

PurposeTo report the long-term outcomes of Boston keratoprosthesis type I (B-KPro type I) implantation in the management of severe ocular surface disorders.MethodsRetrospective case series. Patients who underwent B-KPro type I implantation at the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital were enrolled between March 2011 and September 2019. Data regarding visual acuity (VA), B-KPro type I retention and postoperative complications were recorded and analysed.ResultsA total of 103 eyes of 100 patients who underwent B-KPro type I implantation were included. The main indications were chemical burn (59.2%), ocular trauma (25.2%), herpetic keratitis (11.7%) and autoimmune diseases (3.9%). The percentage of eyes with postoperative VA of 10/200 or better was 82.7% at 6 months, 82.8% at 12 months, 77.9% at 2 years, 72.4% at 3 years, 71.1% at 4 years, 69.4% at 5 years, 58.9% at 6 years, 56.8% at 7 years and 42.9% at 8 years. Preoperatively, 8.7% eyes were diagnosed with new-onset glaucoma. Retroprosthetic membrane formation occurred in 19.4% eye. Corneal melting occurred in 18.4% eyes. Sterile vitritis was diagnosed in 4.9% eyes and infectious endophthalmitis in 2.9% eyes. Retinal detachment occurred in 0.9% eyes.ConclusionsIn a Chinese patient group, B-KPro type I is a viable option for treating severe ocular surface disorders in eyes where conventional keratoplasty would have a poor prognosis, especially in patients with chemical and thermal burns. Improved visual outcomes and high retention rate can be achieved and maintained in most cases.

Child Combatants of the Maoist People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in Nepal: A Human Rights Perspective, 1996–2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Meher
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
The Poor ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
Human Rights Violation ◽  
Major Target

The study analyzes involvement of children in the decade-long Maoist armed conflict in Nepal, an issue of grave human rights violations. An armed conflict affects all sections of the society irrespective of caste, class, gender, region, and religion. However, children have been one of the most vulnerable groups in the Maoist conflict in Nepal. The decade-long Maoist conflict in Nepal has various implications on children such as disruption of education, separation from families, killing and maiming, illegal detention, disability resulting from the conflict, etc. Thus, there has been gross human rights violation of children during the conflict. But one of the worst forms of implications of the Maoist conflict has been the recruitment of children as combatants by the Maoist Army, otherwise known as the People’s Liberation Army, formed in 2001, in their fight against the state forces, which is the focus of this study. The article explores how the poor disadvantaged children have been the major target of recruitment by the Maoist. It discusses the role played by the child recruits during the conflict. Besides, it examines the role played particularly by the United Nations as well as the Nepali civil societies in the protection, rehabilitation, and reintegration of children into the civil society.

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