scholarly journals Monetary conflicts within co-residential unions: a comparative perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Anniina Kaittila
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
And Gender

Although various studies indicate that money is a major source of conflict between cohabiting and marital partners, the existing research on what causes conflict within intimate relationships remains insufficient. Using data from the European Social Survey 2004/2005, this article explores the factors that predict monetary conflict between partners across 23 European countries. Previous research concerning financial conflicts has concentrated on individuallevel factors. This study adds a macro-level perspective to the existing body of research by exploring whether the rate of female labor force participation and societal gender equality are associated with the prevalence of conflict. Individual-level factors, such as personal characteristics, household controls, relative resources, and gender equality, explain the frequency of disagreements. At the macro-level, this study shows that relationship dynamics are affected by the institutional characteristics of countries. In particular, in countries where the rate of female labor force participation is high, conflicts over money are more common. However, societal gender equality does not explain the frequency of conflicts.

scholarly journals Women in the Labor Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fruttero ◽  
Daniel Gurara ◽  
Lisa Kolovich ◽  
Vivian Malta ◽  
Marina Mendes Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender

Despite the increase in female labor force participation over the past three decades, women still do not have the same opportunities as men to participate in economic activities in most countries. The average female labor force participation rate across countries is still 20 percentage points lower than the male rate, and gender gaps in wages and access to education persist. As shown by earlier work, including by the IMF, greater gender equality boosts economic growth and leads to better development and social outcomes. Gender equality is also one of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that 193 countries committed to achieve by 2030.

scholarly journals Does universal long-term care insurance boost female labor force participation? Macro-level evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihito Ando ◽  
Masato Furuichi ◽  
Yoshihiro Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance

Abstract Although a public long-term care (LTC) program is a potentially important factor for the labor supply of female informal caregivers, there are only a handful of individual-level studies on this topic and the macro-level impacts of LTC programs are still largely unknown. Exploiting the introduction of nationwide long-term care insurance (LTCI) in Japan and utilizing a synthetic control method, we examine how LTCI introduction has altered the trends of public expenditures on in-kind benefits for the elderly, public health expenditure, and female labor force participation. The estimation results using the panel data of OECD countries (1980–2013) suggest that LTCI introduction substantially increased the in-kind benefits for the elderly by around one percentage point of GDP 10 years after LTCI introduction, but we do not find a positive effect on the labor force participation for middle-aged women. The fact that we do not observe any positive LTCI effects on middle-aged female labor force participation on a macro level implies that positive LTCI effects on female labor supply observed in some previous microlevel studies may be cancelled out by some other factors or are small enough to be detected under a general-equilibrium setting.

scholarly journals Islamism and gender relations in the Muslim world as reflected in recent World Values Survey data

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Tausch ◽  
Almas Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Labor Economics ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
And Gender

Ever since Goldin (1995) proposed the idea that there is a U-shaped female labor force participation rate function in economic development, empirical research is stunned by the question why the countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are characterized by such low rates of female labor force participation. This gap in labor economics research is all the more perplexing since gender equality, particularly in education and employment, significantly contributes to economic growth. The research strategy of this paper is within a relatively new tradition in labor market research, initiated by Besamusca et al. (2015), which does not exclude the “religious factor” and what the authors call “gender ideology”. Our analysis of the “gender ideology” of Islamism and gender values is based on an empirical analysis of World Values Survey data. In recent economic theory, Carvalho (2013) maintained that Muslim veiling is a strategy for integration, enabling women to take up outside economic opportunities while preserving their reputation within the community. The empirical data clearly support a pessimistic view. We show that Muslim Feminism, which according to our analysis implies the rejection of Islamism and the veil, and the democracy movement in the Muslim world, are closely interrelated. Thus, it is imperative that Western Feminism develops solidarity with Muslim Feminism, and that labor economics stop excluding the religious factor from the analytical frameworks explaining low female labor force participation rates.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gender and the Internet on the Level of Corruption in ASEAN 5 (1997-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Susilowati ◽  
Olivia Fachrunnisa ◽  
Nugroho Sumarjiyanto BM
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
And Gender

The level of corruption in ASEAN countries, especially ASEAN 5, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines, although gradually declining but still in the high category. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the level of corruption in ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines). The level of corruption is proxied using the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), while the independent variable is internet users, and gender is proxied by female labor force participation and male labor force participation. The results show that the increasing number of internet users will reduce the level of corruption as indicated by the increased CPI value. As for gender, increasing female labor force participation will reduce the level of corruption, but the opposite result is shown by the participation of the male labor force. The policy implication of this study is the need to expand the use of the internet and provide wider opportunities for women to work, especially in public offices, to reduce the level of corruption

Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan

10.1596/30197 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Amir ◽  
Aphichoke Kotikula ◽  
Rohini P. Pande ◽  
Laurent Loic Yves Bossavie ◽  
Upasana Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor
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