scholarly journals Trust and victimization: A cross-national comparison of Finland, the U.S., Germany and UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi ◽  
Pekka Räsänen ◽  
Teo Keipi ◽  
Atte Oksanen
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Online Victimization ◽  
Perceived Trust ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Cross National

This study examines the relationship between average means of generalized trust on two groups of social connections, namely people in general and people only met online, and respondents’ past experiences with online and offline victimization. Our data was collected from four countries, Finland, the U.S., Germany and UK from participants aged 15–30 years. Each country was analyzed separately using OLS regression models. Our findings indicated that offline victimization had a negative association with perceived trust in people in general in all four countries. Online victimization was negatively associated with trust in people in general only in Finland and Germany. Trust towards people only met online was not as clearly associated with online and offline victimization, but in the U.S. and UK online victims reported higher trust. Gender, age, social activity, residence area and age also indicated country level differences in terms of their association with trust.

Economic Performance and Political Trust

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W.G. van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The relationships among objective macroeconomic outcomes, subjective evaluations, and political trust are widely studied. Yet, these relationships are not as straightforward as they might seem. This chapter first provides an overview of the main theoretical propositions in the literature as well as their critiques. Next, the chapter analyzes empirical analyses of the relationship between economic performance and political trust. While subjective evaluations of the economy are consistently related to political trust across the globe, the effect of objective macroeconomic performance depends on theoretical and methodological specifications. Objective performance indicators determine political trust in longitudinal rather than in cross-sectional analyses, suggesting that citizens’ historical rather than cross-national comparison of the state of their economy lies at the basis of this effect.

scholarly journals A Phenomenological Study on International Doctoral Students’ Acculturation Experiences at a U.S. University

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-299
Author(s):  
Throy A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Theoretical Premise ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
International Doctoral Students ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The U.S

A phenomenological method was used to analyze ten international doctoral students’ description of their lived experiences at a United States (U.S.) university. The analysis was based on the theoretical premise of how students acculturate to their new educational settings. Three broad overlapping themes emerged: (1) participants’ past experiences that influenced their desire to study in the U.S.; (2) participants’ interactions within academic and non-academic settings; and (3) the role of family relationships during their studies within the U.S. The study revealed that the students: were optimistic about the societal opportunities from studying in the U.S., were appreciative of their interaction with instructors, had inadequate relationship with supervising professors, participated in limited social activity outside of academic settings, and made adjustment to family relationships.

Skill-specific unemployment risks: Employment protection and technological progress – A cross-national comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Skill Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Cross National

This article focuses on the relationship between employment protection legislation (EPL) and skill-specific unemployment risks. As a consequence of skill-biased technological progress, low- and high-skilled workers are expected to be affected differently. Moreover, the level of technological progress should moderate the relation between EPL and skill-specific unemployment risks. The analyses are based on data from the Labour Force Survey from the year 2008 and concentrate on the civilian labour force aged between 25 and 49 years in 20 European countries. The results show that stricter EPL strengthens unemployment risks between skill groups only when the level of technological progress is very advanced. In other countries, stricter EPL is related to less inequality in unemployment risks. However, there are two sides to a coin. While stricter EPL is related to lower unemployment risks for the low skilled in most countries, it leads to higher unemployment rates for the highly skilled at the same time.

scholarly journals Religiosity, sexual myths, sex taboos, and pornography use: A cross-national comparison of Polish and German university students

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Martyniuk ◽  
Arne Dekker ◽  
Susanne Sehner ◽  
Hertha Richter-Appelt ◽  
Peer Briken
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
The One ◽  
Sociocultural Background ◽  
First Contact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The study aimed to compare pornography use of students in two culturally different European countries – Poland and Germany, and to investigate associations with religiosity, sexual myths, and sex taboos. Data were collected in an online survey among German (n = 1303) and Polish (n = 1135) university students aged 18-26 years. Polish students were more religious, showed a greater acceptance of sexual myths, and reported a higher level of sex taboos in their origin families. Polish students were younger at their first contact with pornography, while German students used pornographic materials more often. Results suggested a link between sociocultural background, especially religiosity, and pornography engagement. The relationship between pornography use and religiosity was ambiguous. On the one hand, attending church was negatively associated with age at first contact and pornography use. On the other hand, the association of intrinsic religiosity with pornography use proved to be contradictory: it was correlated with a lower frequency of pornography use for females and with a higher frequency for males. The agreement with common sexual myths was related to a higher frequency of pornography use. There was no association between the level of sex taboos and pornography use.

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