Supplementary material to "A quasi-experimental coastal region eddy diffusivity applied in the APUGRID model"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Maldaner ◽  
Michel Stefanello ◽  
Luis Gustavo N. Martins ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals A quasi-experimental coastal region eddy diffusivity applied in the APUGRID model

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-610
Author(s):  
Silvana Maldaner ◽  
Michel Stefanello ◽  
Luis Gustavo N. Martins ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Sonic Anemometer ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Turbulent Dispersion ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Advection Equation ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Eddy Diffusivities ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract. In this study, Taylor statistical diffusion theory and sonic anemometer measurements collected at 11 levels on a 140 m high tower located in a coastal region in southeastern Brazil have been employed to obtain quasi-empirical convective eddy diffusivity parameterizations in a planetary boundary layer (PBL). The derived algebraic formulations expressing the eddy diffusivities were introduced into an Eulerian dispersion model and validated with Copenhagen tracer experiments. The employed Eulerian model is based on the numerical solution of the diffusion–advection equation by the fractional step/locally one-dimensional (LOD) methods. Moreover, the semi-Lagrangian cubic-spline technique and Crank–Nicolson implicit scheme are considered to solve the advection and diffusive terms. The numerical simulation results indicate that the new approach, based on these quasi-experimental eddy diffusivities, is able to reproduce the Copenhagen concentration data. Therefore, the new turbulent dispersion parameterization can be applied in air pollution models.

scholarly journals A quasi-experimental coastal region eddy diffusivity applied in the APUGRID model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Maldaner ◽  
Michel Stefanello ◽  
Luis Gustavo N. Martins ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Sonic Anemometer ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Turbulent Dispersion ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Advection Equation ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Eddy Diffusivities ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract. In this study, Taylor statistical diffusion theory and sonic anemometer measurements collected at 11 levels on a 140-m high tower located at a coastal region in southeastern Brazil have been employed to obtain quasi-empirical convective eddy diffusivity parameterizations in a planetary boundary layer (PBL). The derived algebraic formulations expressing the eddy diffusivities were introduced into an Eulerian dispersion model and validated with Copenhagen tracer experiments. The employed Eulerian model is based on the numerical solution of the diffusion-advection equation by the Fractional Step/Locally One-Dimensional (LOD) methods. Moreover, the semi-Lagrangian cubic-spline technique and Crank-Nicholson implicit scheme are considered to solve the advection and diffusive terms. The numerical simulation results indicate that the new approach, based on these quasi-experimental eddy diffusivities, is able to reproduce the Copenhagen concentration data. Therefore, the new turbulent dispersion parameterization can be applied in air pollution models.

scholarly journals Evidence for a maximum of sinking velocities of suspended particulate matter in a coastal transition zone

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeran Maerz ◽  
Richard Hofmeister ◽  
Eefke M. van der Lee ◽  
Ulf Gräwe ◽  
Rolf Riethmüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Spm Concentration

Abstract. Marine coastal ecosystem functioning is crucially linked to the transport and fate of suspended particulate matter (SPM). Transport of SPM is, amongst others, controlled by sinking velocity ws. Since ws of cohesive SPM aggregates varies significantly with size and composition of mineral and organic origin, ws probably exhibits large spatial variability along gradients of turbulence, SPM concentration and SPM composition. In this study, we retrieved ws for the German Bight, North Sea, by combining measured vertical turbidity profiles with simulation results for turbulent eddy diffusivity. Analyzed with 5 respect to modeled prevailing energy dissipation rates &epsilon,, mean ws were significantly enhanced around log10(ε (m2s−3)) ≈ −5.5. This ε region is typically found at water depths of approximately 15 m to 20 m on a cross-shore transect. Across this zone, SPM concentration declines drastically towards the offshore and a change in particle composition occurs. This characterizes a transition zone with potentially enhanced vertical fluxes. Our findings contribute to the conceptual understanding of nutrient cycling in the coastal region which is as follows: Previous studies identified an estuarine circulation. Its residual landward-oriented bottom currents are likely loaded with SPM particularly within the transition zone. This retains and traps fine sediments and particulate-bound nutrients in coastal waters where organic components of SPM become re-mineralized. Residual surface currents transport dissolved nutrients towards the off-shore, where they are again consumed by phytoplankton. Algae excrete extracellular polymeric substances which are known to mediate mineral aggregation and thus sedimentation. This probably takes place particularly in the transition zone and completes the coastal nutrient cycle. The efficiency of the transition zone for retention is thus suggested as an important mechanism that underlies the often observed nutrient gradients towards the coast.

scholarly journals Maximum sinking velocities of suspended particulate matter in a coastal transition zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4863-4876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeran Maerz ◽  
Richard Hofmeister ◽  
Eefke M. van der Lee ◽  
Ulf Gräwe ◽  
Rolf Riethmüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Spm Concentration

Abstract. Marine coastal ecosystem functioning is crucially linked to the transport and fate of suspended particulate matter (SPM). Transport of SPM is controlled by, amongst other factors, sinking velocity ws. Since the ws of cohesive SPM aggregates varies significantly with size and composition of the mineral and organic origin, ws exhibits large spatial variability along gradients of turbulence, SPM concentration (SPMC) and SPM composition. In this study, we retrieved ws for the German Bight, North Sea, by combining measured vertical turbidity profiles with simulation results for turbulent eddy diffusivity. We analyzed ws with respect to modeled prevailing dissipation rates ϵ and found that mean ws were significantly enhanced around log10(ϵ (m2 s−3)) ≈ −5.5. This ϵ region is typically found at water depths of approximately 15 to 20 m along cross-shore transects. Across this zone, SPMC declines towards the offshore waters and a change in particle composition occurs. This characterizes a transition zone with potentially enhanced vertical fluxes. Our findings contribute to the conceptual understanding of nutrient cycling in the coastal region which is as follows. Previous studies identified an estuarine circulation. Its residual landward-oriented bottom currents are loaded with SPM, particularly within the transition zone. This retains and traps fine sediments and particulate-bound nutrients in coastal waters where organic components of SPM become remineralized. Residual surface currents transport dissolved nutrients offshore, where they are again consumed by phytoplankton. Algae excrete extracellular polymeric substances which are known to mediate mineral aggregation and thus sedimentation. This probably takes place particularly in the transition zone and completes the coastal nutrient cycle. The efficiency of the transition zone for retention is thus suggested as an important mechanism that underlies the often observed nutrient gradients towards the coast.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "A new satellite-derived dataset for marine aquaculture areas in the China's coastal region"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyong Fu ◽  
Jinsong Deng ◽  
Hongquan Wang ◽  
Alexis Comber ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Supplementary Material

Pragmatic Language Performance of Children Adopted Internationally

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-514
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Hwa-Froelich ◽  
Hisako Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
False Belief Understanding ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Pragmatic Communication ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Purpose Pragmatic language is important for social communication across all settings. Children adopted internationally (CAI) may be at risk of poorer pragmatic language because of adverse early care, delayed adopted language development, and less ability to inhibit. The purpose of this study was to compare pragmatic language performance of CAI from Asian and Eastern European countries with a nonadopted group of children who were of the same age and from similar socioeconomic backgrounds as well as explore the relationship among emotion identification, false belief understanding, and inhibition variables with pragmatic language performance. Method Using a quasi-experimental design, 35 four-year-old CAI (20 Asian, 15 Eastern European) and 33 children who were not adopted were included in this study. The children's pragmatic language, general language, and social communication (emotion identification of facial expressions, false belief understanding, inhibition) were measured. Comparisons by region of origin and adoption experience were completed. We conducted split-half correlation analyses and entered significant correlation variables into simple and backward regression models. Results Pragmatic language performance differed by adoption experience. The adopted and nonadopted groups demonstrated different correlation patterns. Language performance explained most of the pragmatic language variance. Discussion Because CAI perform less well than their nonadopted peers on pragmatic communication measures and different variables are related to their pragmatic performance, speech-language pathologists may need to adapt assessment and intervention practices for this population.

A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of Volunteer Mentorship for Young Adults With Self-Harm Behaviors Using a Quasi-Experimental Design

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yik-Wa Law ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
Carmen C. S. Lai ◽  
Chi Leung Kwok ◽  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Volunteer Support

Abstract. Background: Studies have shown that postdischarge care for self-harm patients is effective in reducing repeated suicidal behaviors. Little is known about whether volunteer support can help reduce self-harm repetition and improve psychosocial well-being. Aim: This study investigated the efficacy of volunteer support in preventing repetition of self-harm. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design by assigning self-harm patients admitted to the emergency departments to an intervention group with volunteer support and treatment as usual (TAU) for 9 months and to a control group of TAU. Outcome measures include repetition of self-harm, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and level of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results: A total of 74 cases were recruited (38 participants; 36 controls). There were no significant differences in age, gender, and clinical condition between the two groups at the baseline. The intervention group showed significant improvements in hopelessness and depressive symptoms. However, the number of cases of suicide ideation and of repetition of self-harm episodes was similar for both groups at the postintervention period. Conclusion: Postdischarge care provided by volunteers showed significant improvement in hopelessness and depression. Volunteers have been commonly involved in suicide prevention services. Further research using rigorous methods is recommended for improving service quality in the long term.

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