scholarly journals A quasi-experimental coastal region eddy diffusivity applied in the APUGRID model

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-610
Author(s):  
Silvana Maldaner ◽  
Michel Stefanello ◽  
Luis Gustavo N. Martins ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
...  

Abstract. In this study, Taylor statistical diffusion theory and sonic anemometer measurements collected at 11 levels on a 140 m high tower located in a coastal region in southeastern Brazil have been employed to obtain quasi-empirical convective eddy diffusivity parameterizations in a planetary boundary layer (PBL). The derived algebraic formulations expressing the eddy diffusivities were introduced into an Eulerian dispersion model and validated with Copenhagen tracer experiments. The employed Eulerian model is based on the numerical solution of the diffusion–advection equation by the fractional step/locally one-dimensional (LOD) methods. Moreover, the semi-Lagrangian cubic-spline technique and Crank–Nicolson implicit scheme are considered to solve the advection and diffusive terms. The numerical simulation results indicate that the new approach, based on these quasi-experimental eddy diffusivities, is able to reproduce the Copenhagen concentration data. Therefore, the new turbulent dispersion parameterization can be applied in air pollution models.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Maldaner ◽  
Michel Stefanello ◽  
Luis Gustavo N. Martins ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
...  

Abstract. In this study, Taylor statistical diffusion theory and sonic anemometer measurements collected at 11 levels on a 140-m high tower located at a coastal region in southeastern Brazil have been employed to obtain quasi-empirical convective eddy diffusivity parameterizations in a planetary boundary layer (PBL). The derived algebraic formulations expressing the eddy diffusivities were introduced into an Eulerian dispersion model and validated with Copenhagen tracer experiments. The employed Eulerian model is based on the numerical solution of the diffusion-advection equation by the Fractional Step/Locally One-Dimensional (LOD) methods. Moreover, the semi-Lagrangian cubic-spline technique and Crank-Nicholson implicit scheme are considered to solve the advection and diffusive terms. The numerical simulation results indicate that the new approach, based on these quasi-experimental eddy diffusivities, is able to reproduce the Copenhagen concentration data. Therefore, the new turbulent dispersion parameterization can be applied in air pollution models.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Becker Nunes ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Cláudia Rejane Jacondino De Campos ◽  
Davidson Martins Moreira

ABSTRACT. To estimate the superficial concentration of contaminants an eulerian model of dispersion was used, where the main scheme is the diffusion-advection equation that employs turbulent eddy diffusivity. The aim of this work is a comparison between different eddy diffusivity derivations for a planetary boundary layer turbulence generated by thermal and mechanical effects. The accuracy of eddy diffusivity derivations was evaluated by comparing the data simulated in the eulerian dispersion model and the observed concentrations of the Copenhagen and Praire Grass experiments. Three convective eddy diffusivity derivations were compared among themselves: 1) proposed by Degrazia et al., 2) proposed Hostlag & Moeng and 3) the derivation gotten by the parameters of Hanna. Two neutral eddy diffusivity derivations were also compared: 1) proposed by Degrazia et al. and 2) gotten by the parameters of Hanna. In order to improve the comparisons some adjustments and increments were made in Hostlag & Moeng derivation and in that gotten by the parameters of Hanna. We can observe that despite the eddy diffusivities having been formulated by different ways, the results were similar and sufficiently satisfactory. In the convective case, the best simulations of each derivation showed a Normalized Mean Squared Error between 0.04 and 0.05 when compared with Copenhagen dataset.Keywords: dispersion model, Taylor theory, lagrangean timescale. RESUMO. Na estimativa da concentração superficial de contaminantes foi usado um modelo de dispersão euleriano, tendo como esquema principal a equação de difusão-advecção que emprega coeficiente de difusão turbulento. O objetivo deste trabalho é a comparação entre diferentes derivações de coeficientes de difusão para uma camada limite planetária cuja turbulência é gerada por fatores térmicos e mecânicos. A precisão das derivações foi calculada por meio da comparação entre os dados simulados pelo modelo euleriano de dispersão e os dados de concentração observados nos experimentos de Copenhagen e Praire Grass. Três derivações de coeficientes de difusão convectivos foram comparadas: 1) a proposta por Degrazia et al., 2) a proposta por Hostlag & Moeng, e 3) a derivação obtida através dos parâmetros de Hanna. Também foram comparadas duas derivações de coeficientes de difusão neutros: 1) uma proposta por Degrazia et al. e 2) a obtida por meio dos parâmetros de Hanna. Para uma melhor comparação, foram feitos alguns ajustes nas derivações de Hostlag e Moeng e na obtida através dos parâmetros de Hanna. Pode-se observar que apesar das derivações serem obtidas por diferentes metodologias, os resultados foram similares e suficientemente satisfatórios. Para o caso convectivo, as melhores simulações de cada derivação apresentaram Erro Quadrático Médio Normalizado entre 0,04 e 0,05 quando comparados com os dados do experimento de Copenhagen.Palavras-chave: modelo de dispersão, teoria de Taylor, escala de tempo lagrangeana.


2000 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Davidson M. Moreira ◽  
Angela B. D. Moura ◽  
Marco T. de Vilhena ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia

An analytical air quality dispersion model based on a discretization of the planetary boundary layer in N sub-layers is presented. In each sub-layer the diffusion-advection equation is solved by the Laplace Transform techniques, considering an average value for the vertical exchange coefficient and the wind speed. As a consequence, the present approach allows to employ realistic semi-empirical profiles for the eddy diffusivity and wind speed, in such manner that the inhomogeneous turbulence can be handle. The model performance have been evaluated using the well-known Copenhagen and Prairie Grass datasets. Then, the application of the statistical evalution procedure (Hanna, 1989) over the out coming results has show that the proposed analytical dispersion model produces a good fitting of the observational data.


Author(s):  
Silvana Maldaner ◽  
Michel Stefanello ◽  
Luis Gustavo N. Martins ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela De Dominicis ◽  
Giovanni Leuzzi ◽  
Paolo Monti ◽  
Nadia Pinardi ◽  
Pierre-Marie Poulain

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1334 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO DE PADUA ALMEIDA ◽  
ARIADNE ANGULO

Adults and tadpoles of a new species of the genus Leptodactylus are described from southeastern Brazil. Leptodactylus thomei sp.nov. can be found amidst the leaf litter within cocoa plantations along the northern coastal region of the state of Espírito Santo. It can be distinguished from other species of the Leptodactylus marmoratus group by its advertisement call, which is described, together with agonistic calls, and compared to advertisement calls of other species of the group that occur in southern and southeastern Brazil. The systematics of associated populations is discussed.


2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1530-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-San Park ◽  
Kyaw Tha Paw U

Abstract Local advection of scalar quantities such as heat, moisture, or carbon dioxide occurs not only above inhomogeneous surfaces but also within roughness elements on these surfaces. A two-dimensional advection–diffusion equation is applied to examine the fractionation of scalar exchange into horizontal advection within a canopy and vertical turbulent eddy transport at the canopy top. Simulations were executed with combinations of various wind speeds, eddy diffusivities, canopy heights, and source strengths. The results show that the vertical turbulent fluxes at the canopy top increase along the fetch and approach a limit at some downstream distance. The horizontal advection in the canopy is maximum at the edge of canopy and decreases exponentially along the fetch. All cases have the same features, except the absolute quantities depend on the environmental conditions. When the horizontal axis is normalized by using the dimensionless variable xK/uh2, horizontal diffusion is negligible, and the upwind concentration profile is constant, the curves of horizontal advection and vertical flux collapse into single, unique lines, respectively (x is the horizontal distance from the canopy edge, K is the eddy diffusivity, u is the wind speed, and h is the canopy height). The ratios of horizontal advection to the vertical turbulent flux also collapse into one universal curve when plotted against the dimensionless variable xK/uh2, irrespective of source strength. The ratio R shows a power-law relation to the dimensionless distance [R = a(xK/uh2)−b, where a and b are constant].


1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Camps ◽  
J. Massons ◽  
M. R. Soler ◽  
E. C. Nickerson

Abstract. A three-dimensional meteorological model and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model are used to study the effects of a uniform large-scale wind on the dispersion of a non-reactive pollutant in a coastal region with complex terrain. Simulations are carried out both with and without a background wind. A comparison between model results and measured data (wind and pollutant concentrations) indicates that the coupled model system provides a useful mechanism for analyzing pollutant dispersion in coastal regions.


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