Supplementary material to "Predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Mariana Trench: Source and environmental implication"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Xiao ◽  
Yasong Wang ◽  
Yongsheng Liu ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Linlin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Implication ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers

scholarly journals Predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Mariana Trench: source and environmental implication

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2135-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Xiao ◽  
Yasong Wang ◽  
Yongsheng Liu ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Linlin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margins ◽  
Environmental Implication ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Fractional Abundance ◽  
Marine Source ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
Molecular Indicators ◽  
Trench Sediments ◽  
Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers

Abstract. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are useful molecular indicators for organic carbon (OC) sources and the paleoenvironment. Their application in marine environments, however, is complicated because of a mixed terrestrial and marine source. Here, we examined brGDGTs in sediments from the Mariana Trench, the deepest ocean without significant terrestrial influence. Our result shows a strong predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl brGDGT (IIIa′) (73.40±2.39 % of total brGDGTs) and an absence of 5-methyl brGDGTs, different from previously reported soils and marine sediments that comprised both 5-methyl and 6-methyl brGDGTs. This unique feature, combined with high δ13COC (-19.82±0.25 %), low OC∕TN ratio (6.72±0.84), low branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index (0.03±0.01), and high acyclic hexa- ∕ pentamethylated brGDGT ratio (7.13±0.98), support that brGDGTs in the Mariana Trench sediments are autochthonous rather than terrestrial products. The compiling of literature data shows that the enhanced fractional abundance of hexamethylated 6-methyl brGDGTs is a common phenomenon in continental margins when the marine influence was intensified. The cross plot of acyclic hexa- ∕ pentamethylated brGDGT ratio and fractional abundance of brGDGT IIIa′ provide a novel approach to distinguish terrestrial and marine-derived brGDGTs.

scholarly journals Status of Agro-Industrial Waste Used to Develop Construction Materials in Andhra Pradesh Region – India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1197 (1) ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
Sravan Chilukuri ◽  
Sanjeet Kumar ◽  
Ashwin Raut
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Environmental Implication ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Supplementary Material

Abstract In today’s world concrete is one of the major construction materials. With the growth in industrialization and urbanization the demand for the concrete has taken a new pace. Therefore, to fulfill the demand huge amounts of natural resources has to be exploited for the production of the cement because natural resources and raw materials are major constituents in the production. At the same time huge quantities of industrial and agricultural wastes are generating in developing countries and are posing serious risk to the environment as well as human health. So, by utilizing these wastes as a supplementary material in construction reduces the usage of natural resources in the cement as well as decreases the threat of wastes in the environment. Many researchers have proved the effective utilization of wastes in the construction industry as they are more reliable and promote sustainability. This paper reviews waste generation and its statistics as well as environmental implication caused by wastes. It also high lights the possible ways of wastes that can be used in construction, preparation of blocks, insulators etc. This study also provides summary of existing research about usage of Agri and industrial wastes in the construction industry. In addition, paper shows application of wastes in real time construction.

scholarly journals Predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Mariana Trench: Source and environmental implication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Xiao ◽  
Yasong Wang ◽  
Yongsheng Liu ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Linlin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margins ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Seawater Ph ◽  
Fractional Abundance ◽  
Challenger Deep ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Molecular Indicators ◽  
Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers

Abstract. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are useful molecular indicators for organic carbon (OC) source and paleoenvironment. Their application in marine environments, however, is complicated because of the mixed terrestrial and marine contributions to brGDGTs. Here, we employ two dimensional (2D) ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to analyze brGDGTs in sediments from the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench, the deepest ocean in the absent of terrestrial influence. The unique feature is the absence of 5-methyl brGDGTs, and the strong predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl brGDGT (IIIa') (73.4 ±2.4 % of total brGDGTs). The brGDGTs-reconstructed pH is 8.22 ± 0.07, close to seawater pH. This, combined with characteristics of δ13C (− 19.82 ± 0.25 %), OC / TN ratio (6.72 ± 0.84), branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index (0.03 ± 0.01) and the acyclic hexa-/pentamethylated brGDGTs ratio (7.13 ± 0.98), strongly suggest that brGDGTs are of autochthonous products from benthic bacteria or planktonic bacteria. The compiling of literature data reveals that enhanced fractional abundance of hexamethylated 6-methyl brGDGTs is common in diverse continental margins when the marine influence became intensified. This may reflect an adaption of brGDGTs-producing bacteria to weak alkaline seawater and low ambient temperature. Based on the global dataset, the cross plot of acyclic hexa-/pentamethylated brGDGTs ratio and fractional abundance of brGDGT-IIIa' is an effective approach to distinguish the terrestrial vs. marine provenance of brGDGTs.

Designing Workbook for Teaching Writing Descriptive Text Based on Scientific Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Indah Pratiwi ◽  
Yanti Sri Rezeki
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Writing ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Internal Evaluation ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Good Book ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Analysis Design

This research aims to design workbook based on the scientific approach for teaching writing descriptive text. This research was conducted on the seventh-grade students of SMPN 24 Pontianak. The method of this research is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) with the exclusion of Implementation and Evaluation phases. This material was designed as supplementary material to support the course book used especially in teaching writing of descriptive text. The respondents in this research were the seventh-grade students and an English teacher at SMPN 24 Pontianak. In this research, the researchers found that workbook based on scientific approach fulfilled the criteria of the good book to teach writing descriptive text. The researchers conducted an internal evaluation to see the usability and the feasibility of the workbook. The result of the evaluation is 89%. It showed that the workbook is feasible to be used by students as the supplementary material to support the main course book and help the students improve their writing ability in descriptive text.

Catalytic Fluorination of Boron Compounds at a Bismuth Redox Platform

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Planas ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Markus Leutzsch ◽  
Josep Cornella
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Group Element ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Boron Compounds ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Main Group Element ◽  
Rational Ligand Design ◽  
Supplementary Material

The ability of bismuth to maneuver between different oxidation states in a catalytic redox cycle, mimicking the canonical organometallic steps associated to a transition metal, is an elusive and unprecedented approach in the field of homogeneous catalysis. Herein we present a catalytic protocol based on bismuth, a benign and sustainable main-group element, capable of performing every organometallic step in the context of oxidative fluorination of boron compounds; a territory reserved to transition metals. A rational ligand design featuring hypervalent coordination together with a mechanistic understanding of the fundamental steps, permitted a catalytic fluorination protocol based on a Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox couple, which represents a unique example where a main-group element is capable of outperforming its transition metal counterparts.<br>A main text and supplementary material have been attached as pdf files containing all the methodology, techniques and characterization of the compounds reported.<br>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document