scholarly journals Species richness and functional attributes of fish assemblages across a large-scale salinity gradient in shallow coastal areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Koehler ◽  
Mårten Erlandsson ◽  
Martin Karlsson ◽  
Lena Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Salinity Regime ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Coastal ecosystems are biologically productive and their diversity underlies various ecosystem services to humans. However, large-scale species richness (SR) and its regulating factors remain uncertain for many organism groups, owing not least to the fact that observed SR (SRobs) is strongly dependent on sample size and inventory completeness (IC). We estimated changes in SR across a natural geographical gradient using statistical rarefaction and extrapolation methods, based on a large fish species incidence dataset compiled from Swedish fish survey databases. The data covered nearly five decades (1975–2020), a 1,300 km north-south distance and a 10-fold salinity gradient along sub-basins of the Baltic Sea plus Skagerrak. Focusing on shallow coastal and offshore areas (< 30 m depth), we calculated standardized SR (SRstd) and estimated SR (SRest), and related these to sub-basin annual mean salinity and water temperature. IC was high, 98.5 %–99.9 %, in the 10 sub-basins with sufficient data for analysis. The recorded fish species were of 75 % marine and 25 % freshwater origin. Total fish SRobs was 144 for shallow coastal areas, and 110 for shallow offshore areas. Sub-basin specific SRest for coastal areas varied between 35 ± 7 (SE) and 109 ± 6 fish species, and was ca. three times higher in the most saline (salinity 29-32) compared to the least saline sub-basins (salinity 2.7). Completing information on functional attributes showed that differences along the salinity gradient reflected an increased share of coastal resident fish species in lower salinities, and a higher share of migratory fish at higher salinities. The proportion of benthic and demersal fish species was also lower in the least saline sub-basins, and increased with increasing salinity. If climate change lowers the salinity regime of the Baltic Sea in the future this may hence influence the SR and community composition of fish.

scholarly journals Deficiency syndromes in top predators associated with large-scale changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0227714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Majaneva ◽  
Emil Fridolfsson ◽  
Michele Casini ◽  
Catherine Legrand ◽  
Elin Lindehoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
The Baltic

Remarks on marine and continental biogeography: an areographical viewpoint

1994 ◽  
Vol 343 (1303) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Way

Differences and similarities in the way marine and continental organisms occupy space are briefly reviewed. Among them, the ‘peninsula effect’ (the decline of species richness with distance from the source) is compared with the ‘bay effect’. Two cases, corals in Mochima Bay, Venezuela and fishes in the Baltic Sea, are presented as examples. The facts that the world’s oceans are larger, continuous and three-dimensional, with fewer evident geographical barriers than there are on land, explain why marine biogeographical regions are less welldefined and geographical ranges of marine taxa more wide-spread. I his generalization has, however, been questioned following recent findings of extremely rich and highly endemic benthic faunas. This problem is discussed using an index of cosmopolitanism to compare terrestrial and marine biotas.

scholarly journals Changes in long chain alkenone distributions and Isochrysidales groups along the Baltic Sea salinity gradient

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Kaiser ◽  
Karen J. Wang ◽  
Derek Rott ◽  
Gaoyuan Li ◽  
Yinsui Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Effect of ocean acidification and elevated <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> on trace gas production by a Baltic Sea summer phytoplankton community

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 4595-4613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Webb ◽  
Emma Leedham-Elvidge ◽  
Claire Hughes ◽  
Frances E. Hopkins ◽  
Gill Malin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Research Station ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Chl A ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Upwelling Event ◽  
Ambient Co2

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a unique environment as the largest body of brackish water in the world. Acidification of the surface oceans due to absorption of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is an additional stressor facing the pelagic community of the already challenging Baltic Sea. To investigate its impact on trace gas biogeochemistry, a large-scale mesocosm experiment was performed off Tvärminne Research Station, Finland, in summer 2012. During the second half of the experiment, dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations in the highest-fCO2 mesocosms (1075–1333 µatm) were 34 % lower than at ambient CO2 (350 µatm). However, the net production (as measured by concentration change) of seven halocarbons analysed was not significantly affected by even the highest CO2 levels after 5 weeks' exposure. Methyl iodide (CH3I) and diiodomethane (CH2I2) showed 15 and 57 % increases in mean mesocosm concentration (3.8 ± 0.6 increasing to 4.3 ± 0.4 pmol L−1 and 87.4 ± 14.9 increasing to 134.4 ± 24.1 pmol L−1 respectively) during Phase II of the experiment, which were unrelated to CO2 and corresponded to 30 % lower Chl a concentrations compared to Phase I. No other iodocarbons increased or showed a peak, with mean chloroiodomethane (CH2ClI) concentrations measured at 5.3 (±0.9) pmol L−1 and iodoethane (C2H5I) at 0.5 (±0.1) pmol L−1. Of the concentrations of bromoform (CHBr3; mean 88.1 ± 13.2 pmol L−1), dibromomethane (CH2Br2; mean 5.3 ± 0.8 pmol L−1), and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl, mean 3.0 ± 0.5 pmol L−1), only CH2Br2 showed a decrease of 17 % between Phases I and II, with CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl showing similar mean concentrations in both phases. Outside the mesocosms, an upwelling event was responsible for bringing colder, high-CO2, low-pH water to the surface starting on day t16 of the experiment; this variable CO2 system with frequent upwelling events implies that the community of the Baltic Sea is acclimated to regular significant declines in pH caused by up to 800 µatm fCO2. After this upwelling, DMS concentrations declined, but halocarbon concentrations remained similar or increased compared to measurements prior to the change in conditions. Based on our findings, with future acidification of Baltic Sea waters, biogenic halocarbon emissions are likely to remain at similar values to today; however, emissions of biogenic sulfur could significantly decrease in this region.

scholarly journals Distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in fish species from the Baltic Sea and freshwaters in Finland

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 132688
Author(s):  
Eva Kumar ◽  
Jani Koponen ◽  
Panu Rantakokko ◽  
Riikka Airaksinen ◽  
Päivi Ruokojärvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Acids ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals A century of genetic homogenization in Baltic salmon—evidence from archival DNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1949) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Östergren ◽  
Stefan Palm ◽  
John Gilbey ◽  
Göran Spong ◽  
Johan Dannewitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Genetic Change ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Archival Dna

Intra-species genetic homogenization arising from anthropogenic impacts is a major threat to biodiversity. However, few taxa have sufficient historical material to systematically quantify long-term genetic changes. Using archival DNA collected over approximately 100 years, we assessed spatio-temporal genetic change in Atlantic salmon populations across the Baltic Sea, an area heavily impacted by hydropower exploitation and associated with large-scale mitigation stocking. Analysis was carried out by screening 82 SNPs in 1680 individuals from 13 Swedish rivers. We found an overall decrease in genetic divergence and diminished isolation by distance among populations, strongly indicating genetic homogenization over the past century. We further observed an increase in genetic diversity within populations consistent with increased gene flow. The temporal genetic change was lower in larger wild populations than in smaller wild and hatchery-reared ones, indicating that larger populations have been able to support a high number of native spawners in relation to immigrants. Our results demonstrate that stocking practices of salmon in the Baltic Sea have led to the homogenization of populations over the last century, potentially compromising their ability to adapt to environmental change. Stocking of reared fish is common worldwide, and our study is a cautionary example of the potentially long-term negative effects of such activities.

scholarly journals Geographic variation in fitness‐related traits of the bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus along the Baltic Sea‐North Sea salinity gradient

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 9225-9238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco R. Barboza ◽  
Jonne Kotta ◽  
Florian Weinberger ◽  
Veijo Jormalainen ◽  
Patrik Kraufvelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic
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