Interactive comment on “A dynamical reconstruction of the Last Glacial Maximum ocean state constrained by global oxygen isotope data” by Charlotte Breitkreuz et al.

This synthesis of thirty-six sites (sixty cores with over 27 000 measurements) located around the world facilitates scientific research on the climate of the last 21 000 years ago obtained from oxygen isotope ( or delta-O-18) measurements. Oxygen isotopes in speleothem calcite record the influence of ambient temperature and the isotopic composition of the source water, the latter providing evidence of hydrologic variability and change. Compared to paleoclimate proxies from sedimentary archives, the age uncertainty is unusually small, around +/−100 years for the last 21 000-year interval. Using data contributed to the World Data Center (WDC) for Paleoclimatology, we have created consistently formatted data files for individual sites as well as composite dataset of annual to millennial resolution. These individual files also contain the chronology information about the sites. The data are useful in understanding hydrologic variability at local and regional scales, such as the Asian summer monsoon and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (as discussed in the underlying source publications), and should also be useful in understanding large-scale aspects of hydrologic change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).

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Into and out of the Last Glacial Maximum: sea-level change during Oxygen Isotope Stages 3 and 2

Quaternary Science Reviews ◽

10.1016/s0277-3791(01)00071-3 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (1-3) ◽

pp. 343-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 464

Author(s):

Kurt Lambeck ◽

Yusuke Yokoyama ◽

Tony Purcell

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Isotope ◽

Sea Level ◽

Last Glacial Maximum ◽

Sea Level Change ◽

Glacial Maximum ◽

Last Glacial ◽

Level Change ◽

The Last Glacial Maximum ◽

The Last Glacial

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Sea-level at the Last Glacial Maximum: evidence from northwestern Australia to constrain ice volumes for oxygen isotope stage 2

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology ◽

10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00164-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 165 (3-4) ◽

pp. 281-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Yusuke Yokoyama ◽

Patrick De Deckker ◽

Kurt Lambeck ◽

Paul Johnston ◽

L.K Fifield

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Isotope ◽

Sea Level ◽

Last Glacial Maximum ◽

Glacial Maximum ◽

Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽

Last Glacial ◽

Northwestern Australia ◽

The Last Glacial Maximum ◽

The Last Glacial

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Causes of model–data discrepancies in European climate during oxygen isotope stage 3 with insights from the last glacial maximum

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/s0033-5894(02)00019-4 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 108-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

David Pollard ◽

Eric J. Barron

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Isotope ◽

Last Glacial Maximum ◽

Climate Modeling ◽

Ice Sheet ◽

Glacial Maximum ◽

European Continent ◽

Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽

Last Glacial ◽

The Last Glacial Maximum ◽

The Last Glacial

AbstractOxygen isotope stage 3 (OIS 3), encompassing the long middle section of the last glacial interval, has been the focus of an intensive high-resolution climate modeling effort for Europe. These model simulations produce substantially colder climates than modern simulations; however, the temperatures appear warmer than many proxy indicators suggest. In order to evaluate the importance of the model boundary conditions, comparable simulations are completed for the last glacial maximum (LGM). The LGM simulation produces a much colder European continent than OIS 3, despite similarities in the specification of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). Ice-sheet dimension is evidently a key factor in explaining the difference in European climates over the past 40,000 yr. However, underestimates in specified OIS 3 ice sheets cannot be invoked to explain the discrepancies, since data strongly indicate small ice-sheet extents at that time; this leaves errors in specified OIS 3 SSTs as the most likely cause.

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Controlling factors on a paleo-lake oxygen isotope record (Yammoûneh, Lebanon) since the Last Glacial Maximum

Quaternary Science Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.12.005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (7-8) ◽

pp. 865-886 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Anne-Lise Develle ◽

Julien Herreros ◽

Laurence Vidal ◽

Alexandre Sursock ◽

Françoise Gasse

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Isotope ◽

Last Glacial Maximum ◽

Controlling Factors ◽

Glacial Maximum ◽

Last Glacial ◽

Oxygen Isotope Record ◽

Isotope Record ◽

The Last Glacial Maximum ◽

The Last Glacial

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Variations of oceanic oxygen isotopes at the present day and the LGM: equilibrium simulations with an oceanic general circulation model

Climate of the Past Discussions ◽

10.5194/cpd-8-4885-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 4885-4922

Author(s):

X. Xu ◽

G. Lohmann ◽

M. Werner ◽

X. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Isotope ◽

General Circulation Model ◽

Last Glacial Maximum ◽

General Circulation ◽

Circulation Model ◽

Glacial Maximum ◽

Last Glacial ◽

Oceanic General Circulation Model ◽

The Last Glacial Maximum ◽

The Last Glacial

Abstract. The isotope-enabled oceanic general circulation model, MPI-OM, is used to simulate the oxygen isotope compositions of sea waters in the oceans under preindustrial and last glacial maximum climate conditions. Simulated oceanic isotope distributions at the last glacial maximum (21 000 yr ago) show features similar to the preindustrial in most basins but the Northern North Atlantic. With the exception of the ice sheet impact, the oxygen-18 content variations at sea surface during the last glacial maximum are mainly controlled by the changes in boundary isotopic fluxes in most regions, while the changes from subsurface to bottom waters are mostly due to the differences in the water mass circulations. The changes in topography at the northern high latitudes have a remarkable influence on the isotopic composition in the Arctic Ocean. The pre-industrial and the last glacial maximum calcite oxygen isotope compositions in the surface water and their difference are also calculated. These results are compared with the observed values from different foraminifera species and are in agreement with the observations in most regions.

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