Changing of the Guard for the Total Solar Irradiance Record

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Kopp ◽  
David Harber ◽  
Karl Heuerman ◽  
Brandon Stone
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Solar Research ◽  
New Processing ◽  
The Many ◽  
Measurement Record ◽  
Future Plans

<p>The uninterrupted, 41-year-long, spaceborne total solar irradiance (TSI) record has recently undergone several changes in the instruments contributing to these measurements of the net incoming radiant energy providing nearly all the power driving the Earth’s climate system. Two long-term instruments, NASA’s SORCE/TIM and TCTE/TIM, have recently been powered off. This ends the 17-year record from the SORCE/TIM, which established the currently-accepted TSI value of 1361 W m<sup>‑2</sup> after its launch in 2003. ESA’s SoHO/VIRGO continues to acquire measurements that extend its 24-year record, but data availability has been on hold as a new processing methodology is implemented. NASA’s recently-launched TSIS‑1/TIM is presently continuing the measurements of these stalwart legacy instruments. This new TSI instrument is demonstrating higher on-orbit accuracy than any prior such instrument has achieved, with daily measurement updates that are available to the community for climate- and solar-research purposes. I will discuss the many recent changes to the spaceborne TSI measurement record, the current measurement-accuracy improvements and stabilities achieved and their implications for Earth energy-balance studies, and the future plans to maintain measurement continuity.</p>

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Total Solar Irradiance by Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Abduallah ◽  
Jason T. L. Wang ◽  
Yucong Shen ◽  
Khalid A. Alobaid ◽  
Serena Criscuoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time

The Earth's primary source of energy is the radiant energy generated by the Sun, which is referred to as solar irradiance, or total solar irradiance (TSI) when all of the radiation is measured. A minor change in the solar irradiance can have a significant impact on the Earth's climate and atmosphere. As a result, studying and measuring solar irradiance is crucial in understanding climate changes and solar variability. Several methods have been developed to reconstruct total solar irradiance for long and short periods of time; however, they are physics-based and rely on the availability of data, which does not go beyond 9,000 years. In this paper we propose a new method, called TSInet, to reconstruct total solar irradiance by deep learning for short and long periods of time that span beyond the physical models' data availability. On the data that are available, our method agrees well with the state-of-the-art physics-based reconstruction models. To our knowledge, this is the first time that deep learning has been used to reconstruct total solar irradiance for more than 9,000 years.

Long-term variations in total solar irradiance

Solar Physics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit M. Pap ◽  
Richard C. Willson ◽  
Claus Fr�hlich ◽  
Richard F. Donnelly ◽  
Larry Puga
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Long Term Variations

Long-term total solar irradiance variability during sunspot cycle 22

1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (A2) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Lee ◽  
M. Alan Gibson ◽  
Robert S. Wilson ◽  
Susan Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance

scholarly journals Science Highlights and Final Updates from 17 Years of Total Solar Irradiance Measurements from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment/Total Irradiance Monitor (SORCE/TIM)

Solar Physics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Final Data ◽  
Total Irradiance ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
Irradiance Data ◽  
Measurement Record

AbstractThe final version (V.19) of the total solar irradiance data from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Total Irradiance Monitor has been released. This version includes all calibrations updated to the end of the mission and provides irradiance data from 25 February 2003 through 25 February 2020. These final calibrations are presented along with the resulting final data products. An overview of the on-orbit operations timeline is provided as well as the associated changes in the time-dependent uncertainties. Scientific highlights from the instrument are also presented. These include the establishment of a new, lower TSI value; accuracy improvements to other TSI instruments via a new calibration facility; the lowest on-orbit noise (for high sensitivity to solar variability) of any TSI instrument; the best inherent stability of any on-orbit TSI instrument; a lengthy (17-year) measurement record benefitting from these stable, low-noise measurements; the first reported detection of a solar flare in TSI; and observations of two Venus transits and four Mercury transits.

scholarly journals Modeling Quiet Solar Luminosity Variability from TSI Satellite Measurements and Proxy Models during 1980–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Scafetta ◽  
Richard Willson ◽  
Jae Lee ◽  
Dong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Solar Luminosity ◽  
Continuous Record ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Proxy Models

A continuous record of direct total solar irradiance (TSI) observations began with a series of satellite experiments in 1978. This record requires comparisons of overlapping satellite observations with adequate relative precisions to provide useful long term TSI trend information. Herein we briefly review the active cavity radiometer irradiance monitor physikalisch-meteorologisches observatorium davos (ACRIM-PMOD) TSI composite controversy regarding how the total solar irradiance (TSI) has evolved since 1978 and about whether TSI significantly increased or slightly decreased from 1980 to 2000. The main question is whether TSI increased or decreased during the so-called ACRIM-gap period from 1989 to 1992. There is significant discrepancy between TSI proxy models and observations before and after the gap, which requires a careful revisit of the data analysis and modeling performed during the ACRIM-gap period. In this study, we use three recently proposed TSI proxy models that do not present any TSI increase during the ACRIM-gap, and show that they agree with the TSI data only from 1996 to 2016. However, these same models significantly diverge from the observations from 1981 and 1996. Thus, the scaling errors must be different between the two periods, which suggests errors in these models. By adjusting the TSI proxy models to agree with the data patterns before and after the ACRIM-gap, we found that these models miss a slowly varying TSI component. The adjusted models suggest that the quiet solar luminosity increased from the 1986 to the 1996 TSI minimum by about 0.45 W/m2 reaching a peak near 2000 and decreased by about 0.15 W/m2 from the 1996 to the 2008 TSI cycle minimum. This pattern is found to be compatible with the ACRIM TSI composite and confirms the ACRIM TSI increasing trend from 1980 to 2000, followed by a long-term decreasing trend since.

Measurement and Uncertainty of the Long-Term Total Solar Irradiance Trend

Solar Physics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 224 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Dewitte ◽  
Dominique Crommelynck ◽  
Sabri Mekaoui ◽  
Alexandre Joukoff
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance

scholarly journals The Contribution of Faculae and Network to Long‐Term Changes in the Total Solar Irradiance

2003 ◽  
Vol 590 (2) ◽  
pp. 1088-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Walton ◽  
Dora G. Preminger ◽  
Gary A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Long Term Changes

Long-Term Variations in Total Solar Irradiance

1994 ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit M. Pap ◽  
Richard C. Willson ◽  
Claus Fröhlich ◽  
Richard F. Donnelly ◽  
Larry Puga
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Long Term Variations
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