Climate Services for Meteorological Disaster Risk Reduction in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianchun Song ◽  
Yujie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Meteorological Disaster ◽  
Meteorological Disasters

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>  China belongs to monsoon climate suffering from a wide-range of meteorological disasters such as flood, drought, typhoon, heat wave, frost, haze, sandstorm and etc. Many of these disasters have become more frequent and resulted in more significant impacts on socio-economy development in China in recent decades, and this can be attributed to climate change in part. From 1984 to 2018, the average annual direct economic loss caused by meteorological disasters reached $29 billion, accounting for 1.8% of the GDP coupled with a death toll of up to 3710 people. It is of major national importance to provide high-quality, useable climate services to help manage and reduce the risk of meteorological disasters, as well as to aid sustainable development.</p><p>We describe the climate services for the whole cycle of disaster risk management including risk identification, risk warning, disaster prevention, restoration and reconstruction in China. Based on the practices of National Climate Center(NCC) of China Meteorological Administration, we summarize the benefits, experiences and challenges of climate services for meteorological disaster risk reduction in China.</p><p>Firstly, identifying and understanding climate risks are fundamental for effective disaster risk management. In addition to short term risk management, such climate services assist in building long term resilience through restoration and reconstruction which focus on reducing the underlying risk factors, siting critical infrastructure, transferring risks and strengthening disaster preparedness capacity. Secondly, China has established successful working approaches, such as government leadership, coordination among different sectors, and participation from key communities, to more effectively manage disasters. Thirdly, capacity building of climate services for disaster risk reduction is very important. NCC has established a climate impact assessment service platform including comprehensive climate risk assessment indicators, quantitative assessment of the scope, intensity, duration and losses in meteorological disasters. These services are tailored to decision-making for the effective management of disasters for society. Finally, we discuss the challenges of climate services for disaster risk reduction. Many decision-makers in climate sensitive sectors have insufficient awareness of their vulnerability to future climate change. In fact, decision-makers would benefit from better understandings of climate-related hazards and impacts. A more comprehensive assessment of the risk of meteorological-related disasters needs undertaking, along with an analysis of the vulnerability of the hazard-affected system and interactions between meteorological-related disasters and socio-economic systems.</p>

scholarly journals Adapting to Climate Change Through Disaster Risk Reduction in the Caribbean: Lessons from the Global South in Tackling the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-203
Author(s):  
Yairen Jerez Columbié
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals

AbstractDeveloping resilience in conditions of extreme geographic and economic vulnerability, Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have learned to share what works for adaptation on the ground through transnational Disaster Risk Reduction initiatives that address the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This chapter focuses on South-South Cooperation between Caribbean SIDS on Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management, as well as triangulation with the European Union and international organisations through the African, Caribbean and Pacific-European Union Natural Disaster Risk Reduction (ACP-EU NDRR) Program. It critically analyses collaborations between regional platforms to show evidence of successful transferable adaptation strategies and tools that have emerged from disaster risk management experiences. Acknowledging the SIDS’ contribution to climate change adaptation is key for advancing both research and action. The examples of South-South cooperation between SIDS and triangulation with Europe and international organisations addressed in this chapter show that a coherent and effective theoretical framework for impactful adaptation research and global climate action should bring forward participatory, transdisciplinary and translocal perspectives informed by the experiences of early adaptors in the Global South.

An Integrated GIS and Big Data Platform for Meteorological Disaster Risk Management and its Application

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Meteorological Disaster ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Big Data Application ◽  
Meteorological Disasters

<p><span>Under the background of global changes, the frequency and intensity of various meteorological disasters are increasing, which poses a great challenge to the risk management worldwide. The Sendai Framework was put forward by the third world conference on disaster reduction, providing a roadmap for the international community to respond to disaster risks. In recent years, China has stepped up its implementation of disaster risk reduction actions, but there has been no systematic platform to supply professional services of meteorological disaster risk reduction for decision makers. In order to effectively reduce the risk of meteorological disasters and meet the urgent need in service, Beijing Climate Center of China developed a Meteorological disaster risk management platform (MDRMP), which integrates the technology of big data management, scientific achievements transformation and spatiotemporal multidimensional visualization, under a unified highly-intensified framework. Through three years of hard work, MDRMP was initially built and has been put into operation, providing professional services for decision makers and other stakeholders with real-time disaster monitoring, early warning, impact analysis and risk assessment. The main functions of MDRIMP include hazard identification, risk prediction, risk regionalization, warning service, information inquiry, online analysis, etc.<br>MDRMP contains four subsystems, namely, Big Data Application Center, Model and Algorithm Center, Online Analysis Center and Operation Center. Big Data Application Center include 12 major categories, more than 600 million various pieces of information. Based on the Cloud-terminal and GIS technology, the multi-source and heterogeneous data is jointed in horizontal direction and correlated in vertical direction with its spatial attributes, forming the core database of the whole system. Model and Algorithm Center integrated more than 100 models of the algorithm related to disaster risk analysis. The algorithm library realizes the unified scheduling, management and real-time monitoring through registration, classification and execution monitoring technologies.<br></span>MDRMP has already been applied nationwide based on a Cloud-terminal, and support unified access, personalized configuration and service customization of users in provinces, cities and counties in China. This paper provides an overview, functions and the current status of the MDRMP. It will also describe how services are made available to the end user via various channels in addition to the productions of MDRMP in routine operations.</p>

scholarly journals Health Workforce Development in Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management: The Need for Evidence-Based Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3382
Author(s):  
Kevin K. C. Hung ◽  
Sonoe Mashino ◽  
Emily Y. Y. Chan ◽  
Makiko K. MacDermot ◽  
Satchit Balsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Literature Reviews

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 placed human health at the centre of disaster risk reduction, calling for the global community to enhance local and national health emergency and disaster risk management (Health EDRM). The Health EDRM Framework, published in 2019, describes the functions required for comprehensive disaster risk management across prevention, preparedness, readiness, response, and recovery to improve the resilience and health security of communities, countries, and health systems. Evidence-based Health EDRM workforce development is vital. However, there are still significant gaps in the evidence identifying common competencies for training and education programmes, and the clarification of strategies for workforce retention, motivation, deployment, and coordination. Initiated in June 2020, this project includes literature reviews, case studies, and an expert consensus (modified Delphi) study. Literature reviews in English, Japanese, and Chinese aim to identify research gaps and explore core competencies for Health EDRM workforce training. Thirteen Health EDRM related case studies from six WHO regions will illustrate best practices (and pitfalls) and inform the consensus study. Consensus will be sought from global experts in emergency and disaster medicine, nursing, public health and related disciplines. Recommendations for developing effective health workforce strategies for low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries will then be disseminated.

When the unprecedented becomes precedented: Lessons from Cyclones Idai and Kenneth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen MacClune ◽  
Rachel Norton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Climate Hazards

<p>Learning from global disasters — understanding what happened, the successes that prevented impacts from being worse, and the opportunities to reduce risk to future events — is critical if we are to protect people from increasingly extreme weather. Population growth is overtaxing ecosystems and climate change is creating new and intensifying existing climate hazards. Proactive and collaborative efforts are needed between all levels, from local to international, and across sectors connecting social science, economics, policy, infrastructure and the environment, to address these challenges. Perhaps most urgently, however, is the need to harness humanitarian response, development, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation to work in concert – we can no longer afford to deliver these needs in isolation.</p><p>In March and April 2019 Cyclones Idai and Kenneth – two of the most destructive and powerful cyclones to ever hit southeast Africa – resulted in a widespread humanitarian disaster in Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, the impacts of which continue today in terms of livelihoods lost, food insecurity, and loss of permanent shelter for thousands. Damages were intensified by the novel nature of the impacts – the storms brought with them climate threats that were new to the areas and people impacted, leading to greater failure of existing preparedness and response mechanisms than might have been expected.</p><p>This talk will present learnings from a study conducted by members of the Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance on the impacts of Cyclones Idai and Kenneth, highlighting opportunities for building multi-hazard resilience to future events. In particular, we will highlight the opportunities we found for strengthening resilience, even when challenged by entirely new climate hazards, through strengthening early warning systems and climate services, building capacity and resourcing for early action, supporting the construction of resistant homes and development of more diverse farming practices, and, most crucially, by better connecting humanitarian response and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) efforts.</p><p>These lessons are part of a series of Post-event Review Capability (PERC) learnings conducted by Zurich since 2013. The PERC methodology (available at: https://www.floodresilience.net/perc) supports broad, multi-sectoral resilience learning from global disaster events and identifies key actions for reducing future harm.</p><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div>

scholarly journals The role of traditional leadership in disaster management and disaster risk governance: A case of Ugu District Municipality by-laws

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonhlanhla A. Zamisa ◽  
Sybert Mutereko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Traditional Leadership

Section 151(2) of the Constitution empowers municipalities in South Africa to pass disaster management-related by-laws. Such by-laws should be specific on the role of traditional leaders, owing to their authority and proximity to the people coupled with their constitutional mandate to preserve customs and traditions. However, their role is often not maximised because of vague and inadequate policies. There has been little or no scholarly attention to the role of traditional leadership and the policy and legal framework that guide their participation in disaster risk management. Employing a comprehensive content analysis of Ugu District Municipality Disaster Management By-law, this article assesses the adequacy of these by-laws on disaster risk governance in the context of collaboration disaster risk reduction. While the Ugu District Municipality Disaster Management By-law provides for the participation of traditional leadership, this study reveals that it is fraught with ambiguities and seemingly vague clauses. For instance, although in Article 5.1.1 the word ‘authorities’ is used, it is not clear whether this refers to traditional leadership or other entities at the local level. In addition, the composition of the Disaster Management Advisory Forum in Ugu does not explicitly include AmaKhosi. While these results add to the rapidly expanding field of disaster risk management, they also suggest several courses of action for policymakers at local government. Such actions might include, but not limited to, a review of the by-laws to address the lack of collaborative essence relative to traditional leaders for optimal disaster risk reduction initiatives targeting traditional communities.

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