regional climate change
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2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Beusch ◽  
Alexander Nauels ◽  
Lukas Gudmundsson ◽  
Johannes Gütschow ◽  
Carl-Friedrich Schleussner ◽  
...  

AbstractThe contributions of single greenhouse gas emitters to country-level climate change are generally not disentangled, despite their relevance for climate policy and litigation. Here, we quantify the contributions of the five largest emitters (China, US, EU-27, India, and Russia) to projected 2030 country-level warming and extreme hot years with respect to pre-industrial climate using an innovative suite of Earth System Model emulators. We find that under current pledges, their cumulated 1991–2030 emissions are expected to result in extreme hot years every second year by 2030 in twice as many countries (92%) as without their influence (46%). If all world nations shared the same fossil CO2 per capita emissions as projected for the US from 2016–2030, global warming in 2030 would be 0.4 °C higher than under actual current pledges, and 75% of all countries would exceed 2 °C of regional warming instead of 11%. Our results highlight the responsibility of individual emitters in driving regional climate change and provide additional angles for the climate policy discourse.


2022 ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
Vartika Singh

Climate change is a word that we have heard hundreds of times, but what is it? Is it happening or is it something made by us? There are thousands of such questions, thoughts, doubt which come to our minds as soon as we hear the words “climate change.” Even though there are hundreds of research works and many more proofs stating that the climate change is happening, there is a side which has been generally overlooked, and that is what if the climate change that we look is just something made by us. Climate change refers to long-lasting changes in temperature, clouds, humidity, and rainfall around the world. Both local and global factors cause regional climate change. This difference is significant because if a regional climate change occurs on account of local factors, then these changes can be mitigated by local actions. This chapter explores flood hazard casting prediction of climate change impressions.


Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rudge Ramos Ribeiro ◽  
Miguel Angel Trejo-Rangel ◽  
Samia Nascimento Sulaiman

This article proposes a method for predicting fire occurrence, considering regional climate change projection using the Eta model, with a 20 km resolution, for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Fire occurrence in the state of Bahia was calculated as a function of the three main sensitivity factors on a daily time-scale: days without precipitation, precipitation, and maximum temperature. Historical fire occurrences from 1998 to 2018 and meteorological data from 1960 to 2018 were obtained from official institutes, and weather forecast parameters from 2018 to 2050 were downscaled from the web platform PROJETA. The correlations between the meteorological factors and fire occurrence were calculated for the historical data and a weight factor corresponding to a control simulation. Afterwards, a correction factor was determined, based on the historical fire occurrence data used for the forecast in the two scenarios. The results indicate that between 2018 and 2050, risk of fire will have an average increase of 27% at the RCP4.5 and 38% at the RCP8.5 scenario.


Publications ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Gricelda Herrera-Franco ◽  
Néstor Montalván-Burbano ◽  
Carlos Mora-Frank ◽  
Lady Bravo-Montero

Ecuador has shown a growth in its scientific production since 2011, representing 85% of the total historical production. These investigations are reflected in scientific publications, which address world interest topics and serve as a link for the university, business, and society. This work aims to analyze the scientific production generated by Ecuador in the period of 1920–2020 using bibliometric methods to evaluate its intellectual structure and performance. The methodology applied in this study includes: i) terms definition and search criteria; ii) database selection, initial search, and document compilation; iii) data extraction and software selection; and finally, iv) analysis of results. The results show that scientific production has been consolidated in 30,205 documents, developed in 27 subject areas, in 13 languages under the contribution of 84 countries. This intellectual structure is in harmony with the global context when presenting research topics related to “Biology and regional climate change”, “Higher education and its various approaches”, “Technology and Computer Science”, “Medicine”, “Energy, food and water”, and ”Development and applications on the Web”. Topics framed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), sustainability, climate change, and others. This study contributes to the academic community, considering current re-search issues and global concerns, the collaboration between universities and countries that allow establishing future collaboration links.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11859
Author(s):  
Shouhao Li ◽  
Weiquan Cheng ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Hao Shen

This study analyzed Chinese companies’ behavior regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure, and its impact on national and regional climate change measured by carbon emissions. CSR disclosure, supported by existing theories, is considered a powerful tool to curb climate change issues. We combined data of companies’ publicly traded annual financial reports and CSR reports from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR) database and provincial macroeconomic statistics from the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics to run panel regressions. The results verify the following: (a) China is in a relatively early stage of CSR development, and Chinese firms’ internal incentives to adopt CSR projects are low since none of the internal factors researched contribute to CSR disclosure. (b) External factors work slightly better for CSR practices, but at the same time, the CSR regulations still need further improvement. (c) The current CSR disclosure practices do not have a clear impact on carbon emission reduction, contrary to some predictions that CSR could help reduce carbon emissions.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6628
Author(s):  
Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽  
Małgorzata Biniak-Pieróg ◽  
Andrzej Żyromski ◽  
Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz ◽  
Barbara Jagosz ◽  
...  

Giant miscanthus is a vigorously growing energy plant, popularly used for biofuels production. It is a grass with low soil and water requirements, although its productivity largely depends on complementary irrigation, especially in the first year of cultivation. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the forecast climate changes, mainly air temperature increase, on the water needs of giant miscanthus during the growing season in 2021–2050 in the Kuyavia region (central Poland). The years 1981–2010 as the reference period were applied. The meteorological data was based on the regional climate change model RM5.1 with boundary conditions from the global ARPEGE model for the SRES A1B emission scenario. Crop evapotranspiration, calculated using the Penman-Monteith method and crop coefficients, was assumed as a measure of water needs. The study results showed that in view of the expected temperature changes, in the forecast period 2021–2050, the giant miscanthus water needs will increase by 10%. The highest monthly increase may occur in August (16%) and in September (23%). In the near future, the increase in water needs of giant miscanthus will necessitate the use of supplementary irrigation. Hence the results of this study may contribute to increasing the efficiency of water use, and thus to the rational management of irrigation treatments and plant energy resources in the Kuyavia region.


Author(s):  
Filippo Giorgi ◽  
Erika Coppola ◽  
Daniela Jacob ◽  
Claas Teichmann ◽  
Sabina Abba Omar ◽  
...  

AbstractWe describe the first effort within the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment - Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluation, or CORDEX-CORE EXP-I. It consists of a set of 21st century projections with two regional climate models (RCMs) downscaling three global climate model (GCM) simulations from the CMIP5 program, for two greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP2.6), over 9 CORDEX domains at ~25 km grid spacing. Illustrative examples from the initial analysis of this ensemble are presented, covering a wide range of topics, such as added value of RCM nesting, extreme indices, tropical and extratropical storms, monsoons, ENSO, severe storm environments, emergence of change signals, energy production. They show that the CORDEX-CORE EXP-I ensemble can provide downscaled information of unprecedented comprehensiveness to increase understanding of processes relevant for regional climate change and impacts, and to assess the added value of RCMs. The CORDEX-CORE EXP-I dataset, which will be incrementally augmented with new simulations, is intended to be a public resource available to the scientific and end-user communities for application to process studies, impacts on different socioeconomic sectors and climate service activities. The future of the CORDEX-CORE initiative is also discussed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Eunji Byun ◽  
Sharon A. Cowling ◽  
Sarah A. Finkelstein

Abstract Greenock Swamp wetland complex is one of few remaining natural wetlands in the Great Lakes region and, at 89 km2 in areal extent, is currently the largest hardwood swamp in southern Ontario, Canada. We present here pollen and sediment records from a kettle hole (Schmidt Lake) and adjacent Thuja occidentalis swamp to reconstruct regional paleoclimate and vegetation history, and to assess the timing and development of the swamp ecosystem and associated carbon stocks. Pollen-inferred paleoclimate reconstructions show the expected warming in the Early Holocene, and indicate the Mid-Holocene initiation of lake-effect snow. This enhanced snowfall may have maintained high water tables in the adjacent wetland since ca. 8300 years ago, promoting the establishment of a swamp dominated by Thuja occidentalis. Carbon accumulation rates in a >2-m-long peat core collected from a Thuja occidentalis stand adjacent to Schmidt Lake are 30–40 g C/m2/yr, which is higher than the average of northern high-latitude peatlands. Using topographic and hydrological parameters, we estimated that mean swamp peat thicknesses could exceed 2 m. Thus, this study encourages future investigations on temperate swamps from the perspective of hitherto underestimated Holocene carbon sinks and shows the importance of regional hydroclimate in supporting swamp ecosystems.


Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Evgeniia A. Kostianaia ◽  
Andrey G. Kostianoy

Regional climate change is one of the key factors that should be taken into account when planning the development of the coastal tourism, including investments and construction of tourism-related infrastructure. A case study for the Black Sea coast of Russia shows a series of potential negative hydrological, meteorological, and biological factors that accompany regional warming of the Black Sea Region, that can impede the development of coastal tourism and devalue billions of dollars in investments by the State, private companies, and individuals. We discuss such natural phenomena as air and sea warming, extreme weather events, coastal upwelling, heavy rains, river plumes, wind and waves, tornado, rip currents, sea-level rise, algal bloom, introduced species, and other features characteristic for the region that seriously impact coastal tourism today, and may intensify in the nearest future. Sporadic occurrence of extreme weather events, unpleasant and sometimes dangerous sea and atmosphere phenomena during the summer tourist season, and from year to year can be of critical psychological importance when choosing your next vacation and tourism destination. The research does not include anthropogenic factors, geopolitical, and socio-economic processes, and the COVID-19 pandemic that play an important role in the sustainable development of coastal tourism as well.


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