The new Swiss Glacier Inventory SGI2020: From a topographic to a glaciological dataset

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Linsbauer ◽  
Elias Hodel ◽  
Matthias Huss ◽  
Andreas Bauder ◽  
Mauro Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Landscape Model ◽  
Object Class ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Glacier Mapping ◽  
Resolution Data

<p>A glacier inventory describes the extent of all glaciers at a given point in time and in periods of rapid glacier change a frequent update is needed. The Swiss Glacier Inventory 2010 (SGI2010) is the last official inventory for Switzerland and was derived by manual digitization from high-resolution (25 cm) aerial orthophotographs from swisstopo (Federal Office of Topography). To regularly produce a revised inventory, based on the high-quality aerial images from swisstopo acquired at a three-year interval, the workload cannot be covered by GLAMOS (Glacier Monitoring Switzerland, www.glamos.ch) on its own. As part of the development of the new topographic landscape model of Switzerland (swissTLM<sup>3D</sup>), swisstopo introduced – based on requirements defined by GLAMOS – the object class “glaciers”. This secures that Swiss glaciers are recurrently mapped based on high-resolution data on a long term. Swiss Glacier Inventories can therefore be derived by GLAMOS from the TLM object class “glaciers”.</p><p>The SGI2020 is the first glacier inventory produced by GLAMOS based on the new workflow and stands out with an unprecedented level of detail regarding glacier mapping. As the glacier-excerpt from the swisstopo TLM is a landcover dataset, produced according to guidelines for topographical purpose, it does not fit all glaciological requirements. Here, we present the necessary steps and adjustments to derive a new glacier inventory for the period 2013-2018 that fits all glaciological criteria. Furthermore, we compare the resulting dataset with former SGI’s and pin down the major changes and differences emerging from different methodologies used. We particularly emphasize on problematic definitions of glacier boundaries related to snow coverage and/or supraglacial debris and provide updated results for glacier area changes in the Swiss Alps over the last decades.</p>

scholarly journals Three distinct Holocene intervals of stalagmite deposition and nondeposition revealed in NW Madagascar, and their paleoclimate implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1771-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ny Riavo Gilbertinie Voarintsoa ◽  
Loren Bruce Railsback ◽  
George Albert Brook ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Gayatri Kathayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Intertropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Resolution Data

Abstract. Petrographic features, mineralogy, and stable isotopes from two stalagmites, ANJB-2 and MAJ-5, respectively from Anjohibe and Anjokipoty caves, allow distinction of three intervals of the Holocene in NW Madagascar. The Malagasy early Holocene (between ca. 9.8 and 7.8 ka) and late Holocene (after ca. 1.6 ka) intervals (MEHI and MLHI, respectively) record evidence of stalagmite deposition. The Malagasy middle Holocene interval (MMHI, between ca. 7.8 and 1.6 ka) is marked by a depositional hiatus of ca. 6500 years. Deposition of these stalagmites indicates that the two caves were sufficiently supplied with water to allow stalagmite formation. This suggests that the MEHI and MLHI intervals may have been comparatively wet in NW Madagascar. In contrast, the long-term depositional hiatus during the MMHI implies it was relatively drier than the MEHI and the MLHI. The alternating wet–dry–wet conditions during the Holocene may have been linked to the long-term migrations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). When the ITCZ's mean position is farther south, NW Madagascar experiences wetter conditions, such as during the MEHI and MLHI, and when it moves north, NW Madagascar climate becomes drier, such as during the MMHI. A similar wet–dry–wet succession during the Holocene has been reported in neighboring locations, such as southeastern Africa. Beyond these three subdivisions, the records also suggest wet conditions around the cold 8.2 ka event, suggesting a causal relationship. However, additional Southern Hemisphere high-resolution data will be needed to confirm this.

scholarly journals Coming of age for COI metabarcoding of whole organism community DNA: towards bioinformatic harmonisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Creedy ◽  
Carmelo Andujar ◽  
Emmanouil Meramveliotakis ◽  
Victor Noguerales ◽  
Isaac Overcast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Biodiversity Science ◽  
Efficient Sampling ◽  
Resolution Data

Metabarcoding of DNA extracted from community samples of whole organisms (whole organism community DNA, wocDNA) is increasingly being applied to terrestrial, marine and freshwater metazoan communities to provide rapid, accurate and high resolution data for novel molecular ecology research. The growth of this field has been accompanied by considerable development that builds on microbial metabarcoding methods to develop appropriate and efficient sampling and laboratory protocols for whole organism metazoan communities. However, considerably less attention has focused on ensuring bioinformatic methods are adapted and applied comprehensively in wocDNA metabarcoding. In this study we examined over 600 papers and identified 111 studies that performed COI metabarcoding of wocDNA. We then systematically reviewed the bioinformatic methods employed by these papers to identify the state-of-the-art. Our results show that the increasing use of wocDNA COI metabarcoding for metazoan diversity is characterised by a clear absence of bioinformatic harmonisation, and the temporal trends show little change in this situation. The reviewed literature showed (i) high heterogeneity across pipelines, tasks and tools used, (ii) limited or no adaptation of bioinformatic procedures to the nature of the COI fragment, and (iii) a worrying underreporting of tasks, software and parameters. Based upon these findings we propose a set of recommendations that we think the wocDNA metabarcoding community should consider to ensure that bioinformatic methods are appropriate, comprehensive and comparable. We believe that adhering to these recommendations will improve the long-term integrative potential of wocDNA COI metabarcoding for biodiversity science.

scholarly journals Coming of age for COI metabarcoding of whole organism community DNA: towards bioinformatic harmonisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Creedy ◽  
Carmelo Andujar ◽  
Emmanouil Meramveliotakis ◽  
Victor Noguerales ◽  
Isaac Overcast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Biodiversity Science ◽  
Efficient Sampling ◽  
Resolution Data

Metabarcoding of DNA extracted from community samples of whole organisms (whole organism community DNA, wocDNA) is increasingly being applied to terrestrial, marine and freshwater metazoan communities to provide rapid, accurate and high resolution data for novel molecular ecology research. The growth of this field has been accompanied by considerable development that builds on microbial metabarcoding methods to develop appropriate and efficient sampling and laboratory protocols for whole organism metazoan communities. However, considerably less attention has focused on ensuring bioinformatic methods are adapted and applied comprehensively in wocDNA metabarcoding. In this study we examined over 600 papers and identified 111 studies that performed COI metabarcoding of wocDNA. We then systematically reviewed the bioinformatic methods employed by these papers to identify the state-of-the-art. Our results show that the increasing use of wocDNA COI metabarcoding for metazoan diversity is characterised by a clear absence of bioinformatic harmonisation, and the temporal trends show little change in this situation. The reviewed literature showed (i) high heterogeneity across pipelines, tasks and tools used, (ii) limited or no adaptation of bioinformatic procedures to the nature of the COI fragment, and (iii) a worrying underreporting of tasks, software and parameters. Based upon these findings we propose a set of recommendations that we think the wocDNA metabarcoding community should consider to ensure that bioinformatic methods are appropriate, comprehensive and comparable. We believe that adhering to these recommendations will improve the long-term integrative potential of wocDNA COI metabarcoding for biodiversity science.

Process dynamics, real time monitoring and early warning at an imminent cliff fall (Hochvogel, Allgäu Alps)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Leinauer ◽  
Benjamin Jacobs ◽  
Michael Krautblatter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Process Dynamics ◽  
Resolution Data

<p>Costs for (re)installation and maintenance of protective structures are increasing while alpine hazards progressively threaten alpine communities, infrastructure and economics. With climatic changes, anticipation and clever early warning of rock slope failures based on the process dynamics become more and more important. The imminent rock slope failure at the Hochvogel summit (2592 m a.s.l., Allgäu Alps) offers a rare possibility to study a cliff fall at a high alpine carbonate peak during its preparation and until failure. In this real case scenario, we can develop and test an operative and effective early warning system.</p><p>The main cleft is two to six metres wide at the summit and at least 60 metres deep at the sides. Several lateral cracks are opening at faster pace and separate different instable blocks. 3D-UAV point clouds reveal a potentially failing mass of 260,000 m³ in six subunits. However, the pre-deformation is yet not pronounced enough to decide on the expected volume. Analysis of historical ortho- and aerial images yields an elongation of the main crack length from 10 to 35 m from 1960 until now. Discontinuous tape extensometer measurements show 35 cm opening of the main cleft between 2014 and 2020 with movement rates up to 1 cm/month. Since July 2018, automatic vibrating wire gauges deliver high-resolution data to an online server. In October 2019, we transferred the system into LoRa with data transmission every 10 min. Automatic warnings via SMS and email are triggered when crossing specific thresholds.</p><p>Here we demonstrate long-term process dynamics and 2-years of high-resolution data of a preparing alpine rock slope failure. Corresponding geodetic, photogrammetric, seismic and gravimetric measurements complete the comprehensive measurement design at the Hochvogel. This will help to decipher anticipative signals of initiating alpine rock slope failures and improve future event predictions.</p>

Performance and sensitivity analysis of stormwater models using a Bayesian approach and long-term high resolution data

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B.S. Dotto ◽  
M. Kleidorfer ◽  
A. Deletic ◽  
W. Rauch ◽  
D.T. McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Resolution Data

scholarly journals TOWARDS THE MODELING OF GLACIER MICROTOPOGRAPHY USING HIGH-RESOLUTION DATA FROM UNMANNED AERIAL SURVEY

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 1065-1071
Author(s):  
I. V. Florinsky ◽  
T. N. Skrypitsyna ◽  
D. P. Bliakharskii ◽  
O. T. Ishalina ◽  
A. S. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Very High ◽  
Resolution Data

Abstract. Glaciated areas are important targets for interdisciplinary research. In the last quarter of the 20th century, there has been a significant shift in glacier observation approaches from direct fieldwork to remote sensing. Over the past 15 years, unmanned aerial systems have been increasingly used for this purpose. In this article, we briefly describe a newly launched Russian–Chinese project aimed at developing a theory and methodology for digital modeling and analysis of the glacier microtopography using very high resolution data from unmanned aerial surveys. We argue the relevance of the study and review key publications on the application of digital terrain modeling and geomorphometry in glaciology. Next, we discuss the aim of the project and tasks performed by the Russian side, as well as materials and methods used in the study. As initial data, we use multi-temporal, digital aerial images of very high resolution (5 cm) collected by the unmanned aerial survey of the ice sheet and glaciers near the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctic. Finally, we present some examples for geomorphometric analysis of glacier microtopography including snow/ice features of eolian origin.

Using high resolution data to reveal depth-dependent mechanisms that drive land subsidence: The Venice coast, Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 474 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tosi ◽  
P. Teatini ◽  
L. Carbognin ◽  
G. Brancolini
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Resolution Data
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