Subsurface investigation of the Terrace of the Elephants in the Angkor world heritage site using geophysical survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangwu Lee ◽  
Kiju Kim ◽  
Byungsuk Park ◽  
Wooseok Kim ◽  
Jaehyeung Jeoung
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Subsurface Investigation ◽  
Geophysical Survey Methods

<p>Geophysical survey methods are widely applied into not only underground water exploration and environmental pollution & civil engineering fields of the ground, but also in the archeological field such as exploration of the historic remains. The electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) and seismic surveys were conducted to determine the distribution of underground around the terrace of the elephants. ERT survey was conducted to investigate the natural geological distribution and artificial ground around the terrace of the elephants and seismic survey was conducted to find out the velocity distribution of the terrace of the elephants. ERT resulted in a difference in the traces of artificial ground composition around natural ground and terrace of the elephants. Geophysical survey could be used to infer the range and purpose of the underground composition of historic remains (KOICA Project Number: 2019-00065).</p>

scholarly journals Beyond Newgrange: Brú na Bóinne in the later Neolithic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Stephen Davis ◽  
Knut Rassmann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
New Evidence

The Brú na Bóinne World Heritage Site, Ireland is best known for its megalithic monuments, in particular the great developed passage tombs of Knowth, Dowth, and Newgrange, and its abundance of megalithic art. However, our understanding of the wider Brú na Bóinne landscape has changed beyond all recognition in the last decade owing to the application of modern, non-invasive survey technologies – in particular LiDAR and large-scale geophysical survey – and most recently as a result of the hot, dry summer of 2018 which revealed a series of remarkable cropmarks between Newgrange and the River Boyne. Despite a lack of excavation it can be argued, based on their morphological characteristics, that many of the structures revealed belong within the corpus of late Neolithic ritual/ceremonial structures, including earthen henges, square-in-circle monuments, palisaded enclosures, and pit/post-alignments. These display both extraordinary diversity, yet also commonality of design and architecture, both as a group and with the passage tombs that preceded them. This paper provides an up-to-date survey of the late Neolithic and presumed late Neolithic landscape of Brú na Bóinne. It provides new evidence and new insights from ongoing survey campaigns, suggesting parallels within the British Neolithic but also insular development within some monument classes.

scholarly journals The role of integrated geophysical survey methods in the assessment of archaeological landscapes: the case of Portus

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Keay ◽  
Graeme Earl ◽  
Sophie Hay ◽  
Stephen Kay ◽  
Jessica Ogden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Integrated Geophysical Survey ◽  
Geophysical Survey Methods

3D Laser Scanning for Site Monitoring and Conservation in Lalibela World Heritage Site, Ethiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rüther ◽  
G. Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Site Monitoring ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
3D Digital Models

World Monuments Fund and UNESCO are collaborating in a project for the conservation and management of the living heritage site of Lalibela, in the Lasta mountains in Ethiopia. The site is still in use today and it is characterized by a series of deep trenches where churches have been carved out from the bedrock in the XII-XIII centuries. One of the first steps in the conservation initiative was the complete re-examination of the graphic documentation available. The pioneering work of architect Sandro Angelini in providing a complete map of the entire site served as a basis for a new complete survey of the site using laser scanners, photogrammetry, GPS and conventional survey methods. This approach was selected for the possibility to recreate 3D digital models of each structure and feature, to provide the conservators with baseline information for subsequent detailed assessments of the state of conservation of these elements, and, eventually, to use the digital data for education and presentation purposes. The paper describes the challenges met in the execution of one of the largest laser scanning project ever conducted in a cultural heritage site.

scholarly journals The Messapic Site of Muro Leccese: New Results from Integrated Geophysical and Archaeological Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianco ◽  
De Giorgi ◽  
Giannotta ◽  
Leucci ◽  
Meo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The regular application of geophysical survey techniques to evaluate archaeological sites is well established as a method for locating, defining, and mapping buried archaeological materials. However, it is not always feasible to apply a range of different methods over a particular site or landscape due to constraints in time or funding. This paper addresses the integrated application of three geophysical survey methods over an important archaeological site located in south Italy. In particular, it is focused on the results achieved from a past geophysical survey and the ongoing excavations performed by archaeologists in the site of Muro Leccese. Muro Leccese (Lecce) is one of the most important Messapian archaeological sites in southern Italy. The archaeological interest of the site was generated since the discovery of the remains of Messapian walls (late 4th–3rd centuries BC). With the aim of widening the archaeological knowledge of the Messapian settlement, several integrated methods, including magnetometry, ground-penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity tomography were used on site to fulfill a number of different research objectives. Since the most important targets were expected to be located at shallow soil depth, a three-dimensional (3D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was carried out in two zones, which were labeled respectively as zone 1 and zone 2, and were both quite close to the archaeological excavations. The GPR investigations were integrated with a 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey in zone 1 and with a magnetometric, in gradiometry configuration survey in zone 2. The integration of several techniques allowed mapping the structural remains of this area and leading the excavation project. The geophysical results show a good correspondence with the archaeological features that were found after the excavation. Current work on the geophysical survey data using different codes for the processing of the data and merging different datasets using a Geographic Information System allowed achieving a user-friendly visualization that was presented to the archaeologists.

scholarly journals The discovery of the tomb of the Great Army General Iwrhya: A quasi 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Saqqara, Giza, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Mohamed EL AGUIZY ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa GOBASHY ◽  
Ahmed METWALLY ◽  
Khaled Soliman SOLIMAN ◽  
Nader EL-HASSANIN
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Electrode Technique ◽  
Automatic Data Acquisition

A quasi 3D electrical resistivity (ERT) survey was undertaken at a UNESCO World Heritage site, Saqqara, Giza, Egypt, during a joint archaeological-geophysical mission from Cairo University. The main objective is to detect the locations of the subsurface archaeological tombs/or crypts and to allocate any possible archaeological bodies/features buried underneath the study area. In this survey, SYSCAL Pro system with 24 electrodes and a multi-core cable is used for automatic data acquisition of profiling data. The dipole–dipole array was used to enhance resolution, 14 resistivity lines are conducted during this Survey. The processed data were analysed in order to produce resistivity tomography (ERT) for qualitative and quantitative interpretations. Inversion of the ERT data identified variation of resistivity values and the expected locations of the underground galleries and highlight the presence of regular shape structures probably due to features of archaeological interest. Excavations made accordingly in the study area led to an interesting discovery of a tomb of the Great Army General, Iwrhya. The tomb is approximately 2000 years old as it covers the reigns of both Kings Seth I and Ramesses II. Using the 3D resistivity tomography with such a multi-electrode technique proved its efficiency and applicability for non-invasive archaeo-geophysical prospecting.

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