How to calibrate a solar radiometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Finsterle ◽  
Margit Haberreiter ◽  
Jean-Philippe Montillet
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Observation Instruments

<p>Solar radiometers are deployed in many locations on the ground and in space. The radiometers in space are measuring the solar energy input into the Earth system per time and unit area, also known as the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). TSI radiometers are also used to calibrate Earth Observation instruments and to measure the Total Outgoing Radiation (TOR) at the top of the atmosphere, which is a key component in the Earth Radiation Budget (ERB). Ground-based solar radiometers measure the local irradiance levels, which are used for monitoring of atmospheric properties and solar energy applications.</p><p>Traceability of the radiation measurements to SI units is crucial in all of these applications. However, calibrating and characterising a solar radiometer is a technically challenging task. Depending on the requirements for a specific application, different calibration concepts <span>can be employed in the calibration and characterization process.</span></p><p><span>We will present the currently available calibration concepts, their advantages and disadvantages, and put special focus on recent technical developments, such as the cryogenic standard radiometers for solar irradiance on the ground and in space. </span></p>

Data Fusion of Total Solar Irradiance Composite Time Series Using 40 years of Satellite Measurements: First Results 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Montillet ◽  
Wolfgang Finsterle ◽  
Werner Schmutz ◽  
Margit Haberreiter ◽  
Rok Sikonja
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Difference

<p><span>Since the late 70’s, successive satellite missions have been monitoring the sun’s activity, recording total solar irradiance observations. These measurements are important to estimate the Earth’s energy imbalance, </span><span>i.e. the difference of energy absorbed and emitted by our planet. Climate modelers need the solar forcing time series in their models in order to study the influence of the Sun on the Earth’s climate. With this amount of TSI data, solar irradiance reconstruction models  can be better validated which can also improve studies looking at past climate reconstructions (e.g., Maunder minimum). V</span><span>arious algorithms have been proposed in the last decade to merge the various TSI measurements over the 40 years of recording period. We have developed a new statistical algorithm based on data fusion.  The stochastic noise processes of the measurements are modeled via a dual kernel including white and coloured noise.  We show our first results and compare it with previous releases (PMOD,ACRIM, ... ). </span></p>

Complexity in Solar Irradiance From the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mofazzal Hossain Khondekar ◽  
Dipendra Nath Ghosh ◽  
Koushik Ghosh ◽  
Anup Kumar Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Radiation Budget ◽  
Earth Radiation

TSI and TOR measurements with CLARA onboard NorSat-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Haberreiter ◽  
Wolfgang Finsterle ◽  
Jean-Philippe Montillet ◽  
Benjamin Walter ◽  
Bo Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Night Side ◽  
Earth Radiation Budget ◽  
First Time ◽  
Earth Radiation

<p>Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) is one of the Essential Climate Variables (ECV) identified by the World Meteorological Organization's Global Climate System (GCOS). The Compact Lightweight Absolute RAdiometer (CLARA) experiment onboard the Norwegian micro satellite NorSat-1 is a SI traceable radiometer and was launched July 14, 2017 with the primary science goal to measure TSI from space. We present the latest status of the data and degradation correction obtained with this SI-traceable radiometer. Besides TSI, CLARA also measures the total outgoing radiation (TOR) at the top of the Earth atmosphere on the night side of Earth, which is extremely important to understand the Earth Radiation Budget. It is to our knowledge the first time that TSI and the emitted radiation from Earth are measured simultaneously with one SI-traceable absolute radiometer. We will compare the CLARA TSI and TOR time series with other available datasets. Ultimately, we aim towards determining the Earth Energy Imbalance from space. We will discuss the achievements and limitations in direction of this goal.</p>

Solar Power Design, Analysis, and Operation for Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Balakumar
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Important Objective

The outcome this study is to design is an electrically operated blender to a solar operation. There is an increasingly intense need to harness solar energy due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, the instant invention is concerned with method and apparatus for solar concentrator micro-mirrors on solar power satellites and the moon to focus and reflect large quantities of solar energy. Method and apparatus are taught for directly reflecting solar energy to the Earth; reflecting solar energy to a microwave converter in space which transmits microwave energy to the Earth; and reflecting solar energy to a laser radiation converter which beams laser radiation to the Earth. The concentrated energy received at the Earth may be converted directly to electricity or indirectly by thermo-mechanical means. The advantages and disadvantages of the different means of sending such concentrated energy to the Earth are discussed. A particularly important objective of this invention is the focusing of sunlight for solar power conversion and production. The instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean solar energy on a large enough scale to be competitive with conventional energy sources. Available online at https://int-scientific-journals.com

scholarly journals On the Fluctuations of the Total Solar Irradiance

1993 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
W. Schröder ◽  
H.J. Treder
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Constant ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Major Semi Axis ◽  
Fundamental Quantity ◽  
The Mean

The fundamental quantity for the total solar irradiance is the solar constant J which is determined by the mean Sun-Earth distance and by the energy budget in the interior of the sun. The mean distance is the major semi-axis of the earth orbit and therefore a constant of celestial mechanics. The energy production and transport in the interior of the sun must be constant at least during a Helmholtz-Kelvin period. Actually, the heat budget of the sun is constant during some billion years.

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