scholarly journals Structure and functioning of the acid–base system in the Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kuliński ◽  
Bernd Schneider ◽  
Beata Szymczycha ◽  
Marcin Stokowski
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Base System ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The marine acid–base system is relatively well understood for oceanic waters. Its structure and functioning is less obvious for the coastal and shelf seas due to a number of regionally specific anomalies. In this review article we collect and integrate existing knowledge of the acid–base system in the Baltic Sea. Hydrographical and biogeochemical characteristics of the Baltic Sea, as manifested in horizontal and vertical salinity gradients, permanent stratification of the water column, eutrophication, high organic-matter concentrations and high anthropogenic pressure, make the acid–base system complex. In this study, we summarize the general knowledge of the marine acid–base system as well as describe the peculiarities identified and reported for the Baltic Sea specifically. In this context we discuss issues such as dissociation constants in brackish water, different chemical alkalinity models including contributions by organic acid–base systems, long-term changes in total alkalinity, anomalies of borate alkalinity, and the acid–base effects of biomass production and mineralization. Finally, we identify research gaps and specify limitations concerning the Baltic Sea acid–base system.

scholarly journals Structure and functioning of the acid-base system in the Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kuliński ◽  
Bernd Schneider ◽  
Beata Szymczycha ◽  
Marcin Stokowski
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Base System ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The marine acid-base system is relatively well understood for oceanic waters. Its structure and functioning is less obvious for the coastal and shelf seas due to the number of regionally specific anomalies. In this review article we collect and integrate existing knowledge on the acid-base system in the Baltic Sea. Hydrographical and biogeochemical characteristics of the Baltic Sea, as manifested in horizontal and vertical salinity gradients, permanent stratification of the water column, eutrophication, high organic matter concentrations and high anthropogenic pressure, makes the acid-base system complex. We summarize in this study the general knowledge on the marine acid-base system as well as we describe the peculiarities identified and reported for the Baltic Sea specifically. In this context we discuss issues such as: dissociation constants in the brackish water, different chemical alkalinity models including contributions by organic acid-base systems, long term changes of total alkalinity, anomalies of borate alkalinity and thee acid-base effects of biomass production and mineralization. Finally, we identify research gaps and specify bottlenecks concerning Baltic Sea acid-base system.

The influence of dissolved organic matter on the acid–base system of the Baltic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kuliński ◽  
Bernd Schneider ◽  
Karoline Hammer ◽  
Ulrike Machulik ◽  
Detlef Schulz-Bull
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Base System ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The Baltic

microplastics, numerical modelling, the Baltic Sea, anthropogenic pollution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Bagaev ◽  
Andrei Bagaev ◽  
Irina Chubarenko ◽  
Irina Chubarenko
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
The Given

An overview of modern approaches to the problem of parametrisation of sources of marine waters microplastics pollution from the coastline is conducted. The estimates of Europe’s plastic production along with mismanaged plastic waste percentage that might be the source of microplastics particles input to marine environment are presented. A semi-empirical for-mulation for the particles source intensity is suggested. It considers the main factors of local anthropogenic pressure for the coastal spot location for the given coordinates. Both ad-vantages and disadvantages of such an approach along with possible ways for improvement are discussed.

microplastics, numerical modelling, the Baltic Sea, anthropogenic pollution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Bagaev ◽  
Andrei Bagaev ◽  
Irina Chubarenko ◽  
Irina Chubarenko
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
The Given

An overview of modern approaches to the problem of parametrisation of sources of marine waters microplastics pollution from the coastline is conducted. The estimates of Europe’s plastic production along with mismanaged plastic waste percentage that might be the source of microplastics particles input to marine environment are presented. A semi-empirical for-mulation for the particles source intensity is suggested. It considers the main factors of local anthropogenic pressure for the coastal spot location for the given coordinates. Both ad-vantages and disadvantages of such an approach along with possible ways for improvement are discussed.

Distribution and biogeochemical control of total CO2 and total alkalinity in the Baltic Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beldowski ◽  
A. Löffler ◽  
B. Schneider ◽  
L. Joensuu
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Sedimentary alkalinity generation and long-term alkalinity development in the Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gustafsson ◽  
Mathilde Hagens ◽  
Xiaole Sun ◽  
Daniel C. Reed ◽  
Christoph Humborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Enhanced release of alkalinity from the seafloor, principally driven by anaerobic degradation of organic matter under low-oxygen conditions and associated secondary redox reactions, can increase the carbon dioxide (CO2) buffering capacity of seawater and therefore oceanic CO2 uptake. The Baltic Sea has undergone severe changes in oxygenation state and total alkalinity (TA) over the past decades. The link between these concurrent changes has not yet been investigated in detail. A recent system-wide TA budget constructed for the past 50 years using BALTSEM, a coupled physical-biogeochemical model for the whole Baltic Sea area, revealed an unknown TA source. Here we use BALTSEM in combination with observational data and one-dimensional reactive transport modelling of sedimentary processes in the Fårö Deep, a deep Baltic Sea basin, to test whether sulfate reduction coupled to iron (Fe) sulfide burial can explain the missing TA source in the Baltic Proper. We calculated that this burial can account for 26 % of the missing source in this basin, with the remaining TA possibly originating from unknown river inputs or submarine groundwater discharge. We also show that temporal variability in the input of Fe to the sediments since the 1970s drives changes in sulfur burial in the Fårö Deep, suggesting that Fe availability is the ultimate limiting factor for TA generation under anoxic conditions. The implementation of projected climate change and two nutrient load scenarios for the 21st century in BALTSEM shows that reducing nutrient loads will improve deep water oxygen conditions, but at the expense of lower surface water TA concentrations, CO2 buffering capacities and faster acidification. When these changes additionally lead to a decrease in Fe inputs to the sediment of the deep basins, anaerobic TA generation will be reduced even further, thus exacerbating acidification. This work highlights that Fe dynamics play a key role in the release of TA from sediments where Fe sulfide formation is limited by Fe availability, as exemplified for the Baltic Sea. Moreover, it demonstrates that burial of Fe sulfides should be included in TA budgets of low oxygen basins.

scholarly journals Sedimentary alkalinity generation and long-term alkalinity development in the Baltic Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gustafsson ◽  
Mathilde Hagens ◽  
Xiaole Sun ◽  
Daniel C. Reed ◽  
Christoph Humborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Enhanced release of alkalinity from the seafloor, principally driven by anaerobic degradation of organic matter under low-oxygen conditions and associated secondary redox reactions, can increase the carbon dioxide (CO2) buffering capacity of seawater and therefore oceanic CO2 uptake. The Baltic Sea has undergone severe changes in oxygenation state and total alkalinity (TA) over the past decades. The link between these concurrent changes has not yet been investigated in detail. A recent system-wide TA budget constructed for the past 50 years using BALTSEM, a coupled physical–biogeochemical model for the whole Baltic Sea area revealed an unknown TA source. Here we use BALTSEM in combination with observational data and one-dimensional reactive-transport modeling of sedimentary processes in the Fårö Deep, a deep Baltic Sea basin, to test whether sulfate (SO42-) reduction coupled to iron (Fe) sulfide burial can explain the missing TA source in the Baltic Proper. We calculated that this burial can account for up to 26 % of the missing source in this basin, with the remaining TA possibly originating from unknown river inputs or submarine groundwater discharge. We also show that temporal variability in the input of Fe to the sediments since the 1970s drives changes in sulfur (S) burial in the Fårö Deep, suggesting that Fe availability is the ultimate limiting factor for TA generation under anoxic conditions. The implementation of projected climate change and two nutrient load scenarios for the 21st century in BALTSEM shows that reducing nutrient loads will improve deep water oxygen conditions, but at the expense of lower surface water TA concentrations, CO2 buffering capacities and faster acidification. When these changes additionally lead to a decrease in Fe inputs to the sediment of the deep basins, anaerobic TA generation will be reduced even further, thus exacerbating acidification. This work highlights that Fe dynamics plays a key role in the release of TA from sediments where Fe sulfide formation is limited by Fe availability, as exemplified by the Baltic Sea. Moreover, it demonstrates that burial of Fe sulfides should be included in TA budgets of low-oxygen basins.

Genetic variability of charophyte algae in the Baltic Sea area

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Nowak ◽  
Hendrik Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Sea Area

Abstract The Baltic Sea, a young habitat in geological terms, is characterised by strong climatic and salinity gradients that determine species distribution and trigger adaptation processes. The aim here was to test the hypothesis that Baltic Sea charophytes which originate from large freshwater populations exhibit a higher genetic variability than euryhaline charophyte species, restricted to a small number of brackish-marine populations. For this, genetic variability of euryhaline, mesohaline and halotolerant freshwater charophytes with different distribution patterns and population sizes were analysed. Euryhaline Lamprothamnium papulosum, restricted to a few and small populations in the Baltic Sea, showed a complete lack of genetic variability. Also euryhaline Tolypella with large and widely distributed populations displayed only low genetic variability. On the other hand, mesohaline Chara canescens, one of the most common charophytes in the Baltic Sea, exhibited comparatively high genetic variability, in spite of its parthenogenetic mode of reproduction. Halotolerant Chara baltica, originating from freshwater ancestors with a huge number of populations all over Europe, showed a rather restricted genetic variability, indicating a habitat filter acting prior to colonisation of brackish habitats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document