scholarly journals A monthly surface pCO<sub>2</sub> product for the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Sharp ◽  
Andrea J. Fassbender ◽  
Brendan R. Carter ◽  
Paige D. Lavin ◽  
Adrienne J. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
California Current ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
California Current System ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Data Product ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas

Abstract. To calculate the direction and rate of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, it is critical to know the partial pressure of CO2 in surface seawater (pCO2(sw)). Over the last decade, a variety of data products of global monthly pCO2(sw) have been produced, primarily for the open ocean on 1° latitude by 1° longitude grids. More recently, monthly products of pCO2(sw) that are more finely spatially resolved in the coastal ocean have been made available. A remaining challenge in the development of pCO2(sw) products is the robust characterization of seasonal variability, especially in nearshore coastal environments. Here we present a monthly data product of pCO2(sw) at 0.25° latitude by 0.25° longitude resolution in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, centered around the California Current System (CCS). The data product (RFR-CCS; Sharp et al., 2021; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5523389) was created using the most recent (2021) version of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (Bakker et al., 2016) from which pCO2(sw) observations were extracted and fit against a variety of satellite- and model-derived surface variables using a random forest regression (RFR) model. We validate RFR-CCS in multiple ways, including direct comparisons with observations from moored autonomous surface platforms, and find that the data product effectively captures seasonal pCO2(sw) cycles at nearshore mooring sites. This result is notable because alternative global products for the coastal ocean do not capture local variability effectively in this region. We briefly review the physical and biological processes — acting across a variety of spatial and temporal scales — that are responsible for the latitudinal and nearshore-to-offshore pCO2(sw) gradients seen in RFR-CCS reconstructions of pCO2(sw).

scholarly journals Persistent spatial structuring of coastal ocean acidification in the California Current System

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chan ◽  
J. A. Barth ◽  
C. A. Blanchette ◽  
R. H. Byrne ◽  
F. Chavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Current System ◽  
California Current ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
California Current System ◽  
Spatial Structuring

scholarly journals Marine extreme events in high-resolution coupled model simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Eirund ◽  
Matthias Münnich ◽  
Matthieu Leclair ◽  
Nicolas Gruber
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Current System ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
California Current System ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales

&lt;p&gt;Air-sea interactions have been found to substantially affect and drive marine extreme events. Such extreme events comprise, among others, highly anomalous conditions in ocean temperature, pH, and oxygen content - all of which are crucial parameters directly impacting marine ecosystem. Nevertheless, our understanding of the role of such events in the marine environment remains limited. In addition, the extent to which the interplay between atmospheric and oceanic forcings impacts the spatial and temporal scales of extreme events and affects the marine ecosystem and ocean biogeochemistry remains largely unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given these complex interactions between the atmosphere, the ocean, and marine biogeochemistry, we developed a coupled regional high-resolution Earth System Model (ROMSOC). ROMSOC comprises the latest officially released GPU-accelerated Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling (COSMO) version as the atmospheric model, coupled to the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS). ROMS in turn includes the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (BEC) model that describes the functioning of the lower trophic ecosystem in the ocean and the associated biogeochemical cycle. Our current model setup includes thermodynamical coupling and will be extended further to include mechanical coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean. Here, we present first simulations of our coupled model system for the California Current System (CalCS) at the US west coast at kilometer-scale resolution. We will test the hypothesis if the strong mesoscale coupling of the atmosphere and the ocean as represented in our model impacts the spatial and temporal scales of marine heatwaves and can potentially act to shorten their duration.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Climate-driven aerobic habitat loss in the California Current System

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. eaay3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan M. Howard ◽  
Justin L. Penn ◽  
Hartmut Frenzel ◽  
Brad A. Seibel ◽  
Daniele Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Current System ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
California Current ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
California Current System ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Northern Anchovy ◽  
Species Specific

Climate warming is expected to intensify hypoxia in the California Current System (CCS), threatening its diverse and productive marine ecosystem. We analyzed past regional variability and future changes in the Metabolic Index (Φ), a species-specific measure of the environment’s capacity to meet temperature-dependent organismal oxygen demand. Across the traits of diverse animals, Φ exhibits strong seasonal to interdecadal variations throughout the CCS, implying that resident species already experience large fluctuations in available aerobic habitat. For a key CCS species, northern anchovy, the long-term biogeographic distribution and decadal fluctuations in abundance are both highly coherent with aerobic habitat volume. Ocean warming and oxygen loss by 2100 are projected to decrease Φ below critical levels in 30 to 50% of anchovies’ present range, including complete loss of aerobic habitat—and thus likely extirpation—from the southern CCS. Aerobic habitat loss will vary widely across the traits of CCS taxa, disrupting ecological interactions throughout the region.

scholarly journals Essential krill species habitat resolved by seasonal upwelling and ocean circulation models within the large marine ecosystem of the California Current System

Ecography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1536-1549
Author(s):  
Megan A. Cimino ◽  
Jarrod A. Santora ◽  
Isaac Schroeder ◽  
William Sydeman ◽  
Michael G. Jacox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Current System ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
California Current ◽  
California Current System ◽  
Large Marine Ecosystem

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Diffusion Coefficients and Power Exponents from Single Lagrangian Trajectories

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Leonid M. Ivanov ◽  
Collins A. Collins ◽  
Tetyana Margolina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Current System ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
California Current ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
California Current System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Non Gaussian

Using discrete wavelets, a novel technique is developed to estimate turbulent diffusion coefficients and power exponents from single Lagrangian particle trajectories. The technique differs from the classical approach (Davis (1991)’s technique) because averaging over a statistical ensemble of the mean square displacement (<X2>) is replaced by averaging along a single Lagrangian trajectory X(t) = {X(t), Y(t)}. Metzler et al. (2014) have demonstrated that for an ergodic (for example, normal diffusion) flow, the mean square displacement is <X2> = limT→∞τX2(T,s), where τX2 (T, s) = 1/(T − s) ∫0T−s(X(t+Δt) − X(t))2 dt, T and s are observational and lag times but for weak non-ergodic (such as super-diffusion and sub-diffusion) flows <X2> = limT→∞≪τX2(T,s)≫, where ≪…≫ is some additional averaging. Numerical calculations for surface drifters in the Black Sea and isobaric RAFOS floats deployed at mid depths in the California Current system demonstrated that the reconstructed diffusion coefficients were smaller than those calculated by Davis (1991)’s technique. This difference is caused by the choice of the Lagrangian mean. The technique proposed here is applied to the analysis of Lagrangian motions in the Black Sea (horizontal diffusion coefficients varied from 105 to 106 cm2/s) and for the sub-diffusion of two RAFOS floats in the California Current system where power exponents varied from 0.65 to 0.72. RAFOS float motions were found to be strongly non-ergodic and non-Gaussian.

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