scholarly journals SIMO v1.0: Simplified model of the vertical temperature profile in a small warm monomictic lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Šarović ◽  
Zvjezdana Klaić
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Thermocline Depth ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Vertical Temperature Profile ◽  
Lake Temperature ◽  
Water Temperature Data

Abstract. A simple 1-D energy budget model (SIMO) for the prediction of the vertical temperature profiles in small, monomictic lakes forced by a reduced number of input meteorological variables is proposed. The model estimates the net heat flux and thermal diffusion using only routinely measured hourly mean meteorological variables (namely, the air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and precipitation), hourly mean ultraviolet B radiation (UVB), and climatological monthly mean cloudiness data. Except for the initial vertical temperature profile, the model does not use any lake-specific variables. The model performance was evaluated against lake temperatures measured continuously during an observational campaign in two lakes belonging to the Plitvice Lakes, Croatia (Lake 1 and Lake 12). Temperatures were measured at 15 and 16 depths ranging from 0.2 to 27 in Lake 1 (maximum depth of 37.4 m) and 0.2 to 43 m in Lake 12 (maximum depth of 46 m). A sensitivity analysis of the simulation length was performed for simulation lengths from 1 to 30 days. The model performed reasonably well and it was able to satisfactorily reproduce the vertical temperature profile at the hourly scale, the deepening of the thermocline with time, and the annual variation in the vertical temperature profile. A yearlong simulation initiated with an approximately constant vertical profile of the lake temperature (≈ 4 °C) was able to reproduce the onset of stratification and convective overturn. However, the thermocline depth was underestimated while the epilimnion temperatures were overestimated. Nevertheless, the values of the model performance measures obtained for a yearlong simulation were comparable with those reported for other more complex models. Thus, the presented model can be used for the assessment of the onset and duration of lake stratification periods when water temperature data are unavailable, which can be useful for various lake studies performed in other scientific fields, such as biology, geochemistry, and sedimentology.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DUST AEROSOL LAYER ON VERTICAL TEMPERATURE PROFILE

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-542
Author(s):  
A. P. DIMRI ◽  
V. K. JAIN ◽  
B. B. DASH
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Vertical Temperature Profile

scholarly journals A Hydrodynamical Model for Calculating the Vertical Temperature Profile in Lakes During Cooling

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörgen Sahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Hydrodynamical Model ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Vertical Temperature Profile ◽  
Radiation Fluxes

A one-dimensional hydrodynamical model is used for simulating the vertical temperature profile in a lake during cooling conditions. The vertical mixing rate is calculated by solving the equations for turbulent kinetic energy, k, and dissipation of energy, ε. The heat exchange between the water and atmosphere consists of the radiation fluxes, sensible and latent heat flux. Temperature measurements from Lake Väsman during November-December, 1981, were used in the verification study. The agreement between calculated and measured temperature profiles is very good. This indicates that both the mixing processes and the net heat flux are well described in the model.

scholarly journals 2.5D retrieval of atmospheric properties from exoplanet phase curves: application to WASP-43b observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 493 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G J Irwin ◽  
Vivien Parmentier ◽  
Jake Taylor ◽  
Jo Barstow ◽  
Suzanne Aigrain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Phase Curve ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Vertical Temperature Profile ◽  
Retrieval Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Synthetic Phase ◽  
Model Phase

ABSTRACT We present a novel retrieval technique that attempts to model phase curve observations of exoplanets more realistically and reliably, which we call the 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) approach. In our 2.5D approach we retrieve the vertical temperature profile and mean gaseous abundance of a planet at all longitudes and latitudes simultaneously, assuming that the temperature or composition, x, at a particular longitude and latitude (Λ, Φ) is given by $x(\Lambda ,\Phi) = \bar{x} + (x(\Lambda ,0) - \bar{x})\cos ^n\Phi$, where $\bar{x}$ is the mean of the morning and evening terminator values of x(Λ, 0), and n is an assumed coefficient. We compare our new 2.5D scheme with the more traditional 1D approach, which assumes the same temperature profile and gaseous abundances at all points on the visible disc of a planet for each individual phase observation, using a set of synthetic phase curves generated from a GCM-based simulation. We find that our 2.5D model fits these data more realistically than the 1D approach, confining the hotter regions of the planet more closely to the dayside. We then apply both models to WASP-43b phase curve observations of HST/WFC3 and Spitzer/IRAC. We find that the dayside of WASP-43b is apparently much hotter than the nightside and show that this could be explained by the presence of a thick cloud on the nightside with a cloud top at pressure <0.2 bar. We further show that while the mole fraction of water vapour is reasonably well constrained to (1–10) × 10−4, the abundance of CO is very difficult to constrain with these data since it is degenerate with temperature and prone to possible systematic radiometric differences between the HST/WFC3 and Spitzer/IRAC observations. Hence, it is difficult to reliably constrain C/O.

scholarly journals Novel Method for the Estimation of Vertical Temperature Profiles Using a Coastal Acoustic Tomography System

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeongbin Park ◽  
Chanhyung Jeon ◽  
Hajin Song ◽  
Youngseok Choi ◽  
Jeong-Yeob Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Acoustic Tomography ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Vertical Temperature Profile ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Novel Method

Systems based on remote sensing technology, which use reciprocal acoustic signals to continuously monitor changes in the coastal oceanic environment, are referred to as coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) systems. These systems have been applied in regions in which heavy ship traffics, fishing and marine aquaculture activities make it difficult to establish in situ oceanic sensor moorings. Conventionally, CAT measurements were used to successfully produce horizontal maps of the depth-averaged current velocity and temperature in these coastal regions without attempting to produce a vertical temperature profile. This prompted us to propose a new method for vertical temperature profile estimation (VTPE) from CAT data using the available sea surface temperature (SST), near-bottom temperature (NBT), and water depth. The VTPE method was validated using data-assimilated and tide-included high-resolution ocean model outputs, including tide data, by comparing the estimated and simulated temperatures. Measurements were performed in the southern coastal region of Korea, where two CAT stations were moored to establish a continuous coastal ocean monitoring system. The validation results revealed that the algorithm performed well across all seasons. Sensitivity tests of the VTPE method with reasonable realistic random errors in the SST, NBT, and acoustic travel time measurements demonstrate that the method is applicable to CAT observation data because the monthly mean root-mean-squared difference (RMSD) for the vertical profiles for February, May, August, and November were 0.23, 0.30, 0.50, and 0.24°C, respectively. The VTPE method was applied to the CAT observation datasets acquired in February and August. The transceivers at the CAT stations were at depths 11 and 6 m on average. The RMSD between the estimated and observed temperatures in the middle layer (∼3 m depth) between two stations in February and August were 0.08 and 0.60°C, respectively, the accuracy of which is sufficient in largely time-varying coastal environments. We provide a novel method for continuous coastal subsurface environmental monitoring without interrupting maritime traffic, fishing, and marine aquaculture activities.

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