scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Forest fluxes and mortality response to drought: model description (ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA, r7236) and evaluation at the Caxiuanã drought experiment"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitong Yao ◽  
Emilie Joetzjer ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Nicolas Viovy ◽  
Fabio Cresto Aleina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Description ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Drought Model

Supplementary material to "Global aerosol modeling with MADE3 (v3.0) in EMAC (based on v2.53): model description and evaluation"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Kaiser ◽  
Johannes Hendricks ◽  
Mattia Righi ◽  
Patrick Jöckel ◽  
Holger Tost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Description ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Aerosol Modeling

scholarly journals Forest fluxes and mortality response to drought: model description (ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA, r7236) and evaluation at the Caxiuanã drought experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitong Yao ◽  
Emilie Joetzjer ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Nicolas Viovy ◽  
Fabio Cresto Aleina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Drought Model

Abstract. Extreme drought events in Amazon forests are expected to become more frequent and more intense with climate change, threatening ecosystem function and carbon balance. Yet large uncertainties exist on the resilience of this ecosystem to drought. A better quantification of tree hydraulics and mortality processes is needed to anticipate future drought effects on Amazon forests. Most state-of-the-art dynamic global vegetation models are relatively poor in their mechanistic description of these complex processes. Here, we implement a mechanistic plant hydraulic module within the ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA r7236 land surface model to simulate the percentage loss of conductance (PLC) and changes in water storage among organs via a representation of the water potentials and vertical water flows along the continuum from soil to roots, stems and leaves. The model was evaluated against observed seasonal variability in stand-scale sap flow, soil moisture and productivity under both control and drought setups at the Caxiuanã throughfall exclusion field experiment in eastern Amazonia between 2001 and 2008. A relationship between PLC and tree mortality is built in the model from two empirical parameters, the cumulated drought exposure duration that triggers mortality, and the mortality fraction in each day exceeding the exposure. Our model captures the large biomass drop in the year 2005 observed four years after throughfall reduction, and produces comparable annual tree mortality rates with observation over the study period. Our hydraulic architecture module provides promising avenues for future research in assimilating experimental data to parameterize mortality due to drought-induced xylem dysfunction. We also highlight that species-based (isohydric or anisohydric) hydraulic traits should be further tested to generalize the model performance in predicting the drought risks.

Designing Workbook for Teaching Writing Descriptive Text Based on Scientific Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Indah Pratiwi ◽  
Yanti Sri Rezeki
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Writing ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Internal Evaluation ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Good Book ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Analysis Design

This research aims to design workbook based on the scientific approach for teaching writing descriptive text. This research was conducted on the seventh-grade students of SMPN 24 Pontianak. The method of this research is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) with the exclusion of Implementation and Evaluation phases. This material was designed as supplementary material to support the course book used especially in teaching writing of descriptive text. The respondents in this research were the seventh-grade students and an English teacher at SMPN 24 Pontianak. In this research, the researchers found that workbook based on scientific approach fulfilled the criteria of the good book to teach writing descriptive text. The researchers conducted an internal evaluation to see the usability and the feasibility of the workbook. The result of the evaluation is 89%. It showed that the workbook is feasible to be used by students as the supplementary material to support the main course book and help the students improve their writing ability in descriptive text.

Catalytic Fluorination of Boron Compounds at a Bismuth Redox Platform

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Planas ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Markus Leutzsch ◽  
Josep Cornella
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Group Element ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Boron Compounds ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Main Group Element ◽  
Rational Ligand Design ◽  
Supplementary Material

The ability of bismuth to maneuver between different oxidation states in a catalytic redox cycle, mimicking the canonical organometallic steps associated to a transition metal, is an elusive and unprecedented approach in the field of homogeneous catalysis. Herein we present a catalytic protocol based on bismuth, a benign and sustainable main-group element, capable of performing every organometallic step in the context of oxidative fluorination of boron compounds; a territory reserved to transition metals. A rational ligand design featuring hypervalent coordination together with a mechanistic understanding of the fundamental steps, permitted a catalytic fluorination protocol based on a Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox couple, which represents a unique example where a main-group element is capable of outperforming its transition metal counterparts.<br>A main text and supplementary material have been attached as pdf files containing all the methodology, techniques and characterization of the compounds reported.<br>

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