scholarly journals Variability of the groundwater sulfate concentration in fractured rock slopes: a tool to identify active unstable areas

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5415-5444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Binet ◽  
L. Spadini ◽  
C. Bertrand ◽  
Y. Guglielmi ◽  
J. Mudry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Oxide Coatings ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Iron Oxide Coatings ◽  
Long Term Observation

Abstract. Water chemical analysis of 100 springs from the Orco and the Tinée valleys (Western Italy and Southern France) and a 7 years groundwater chemistry monitoring of the 5 main springs were performed. All these springs drain crystalline rock slopes. Some of these drain currently active gravitational slope deformations. The pyrite nuclei contained in crystalline rock materials were found in the fractures to be covered superficially by iron oxide coatings. Potentially, the infiltration of oxidigenated waters leads to the dissolution of iron(II) sulfides associated with precipitation of insoluble iron(III) oxides and with a consequent release of sulfate ions to solution, such as observed. All the waters flowing through unstable slopes show anomalies in the sulfate concentrations compared to stable aquifers. A sulfate concentrations increasing was observed repeatability after five consecutive landslides and suggest that the mechanical deformation is the origin of changes of the water composition and of the superficial mineralogy in the fractures. Moreover, the long-term observation of changes in water chemistry, rock mineral composition and associated calculation shows that sliding acceleration and chemical composition are closely related. Such signatures is produced even from slow (mm/yr) and low magnitude deformations. This result opens interesting perspective for the follow-up of sliding dynamic in landslides or in (a)seismic events and for the eventual prediction of catastrophic ruptures.

scholarly journals Variability of the groundwater sulfate concentration in fractured rock slopes: a tool to identify active unstable areas

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2315-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Binet ◽  
L. Spadini ◽  
C. Bertrand ◽  
Y. Guglielmi ◽  
J. Mudry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Concentration Change ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Mechanical Deformations

Abstract. Water chemical analysis of 100 springs from the Orco and the Tinée valleys (Western Italy and Southern France) and a 7 year groundwater chemistry monitoring of the 5 main springs were performed. All these springs drain from crystalline rock slopes. Some of these drain from currently active gravitational slope deformations. All groundwaters flowing through presently unstable slopes show anomalies in the sulfate concentrations compared to stable aquifers. Particularly, an increase of sulfate concentrations was observed repeatedly after each of five consecutive landslides on the La Clapière slope, thus attesting to the mechanical deformations are at the origin of this concentration change. Significant changes in the water chemistry are produced even from slow (mm/year) and low magnitude deformations of the geological settings. Pyrite nuclei in open fractures were found to be coated by iron oxides. This suggests that the increase of dissolved sulfate relates to oxidative dissolution of Pyrite. Speciation calculations of Pyrite versus Gypsum confirmed that observed changes in the sulfate concentrations is predominantly provided from Pyrite. Calculated amounts of dissolved minerals in the springs water was obtained through inverse modelling of the major ion water analysis data. It is shown that the concentration ratio of calculated dissolved Pyrite versus calculated dissolved gneiss rock allows us to unambiguously distinguish water from stable and unstable areas. This result opens an interesting perspective for the follow-up of sliding or friction dynamic in landslides or in (a) seismic faults.

Long-term effectiveness and safety of antiepileptic drugs in children and adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Roza M. Shaimardanova ◽  
Rimma G. Gamirova
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

AIM: To conduct a retrospective comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of epilepsy therapy with antiepileptic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of the treatment of 428 patients with epilepsy at the Childrens City Hospital No. 8 in Kazan, receiving antiepileptic drugs. RESULTS: It was found that valproic acid is more effective in the treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsies compared to focal epilepsies (p = 0.0006). Valproate and carbamazepine were the most effective in the treatment of focal epilepsy with short- and long-term follow-up. Valproic acid is more effective than topiramate (p = 0.02), oxcarbazepine (p = 0.003), and levetiracetam (p = 0.003) in the treatment of focal epilepsy in short- and long-term follow-up. Carbamazepine is more effective than topiramate (p = 0.01), oxcarbazepine (p = 0.02), and levetiracetam (p = 0.001) in the treatment of focal epilepsy in long-term follow-up. It was revealed that more often they complained about side effects when using carbamazepine (63.2%). Levetiracetam was found to be better tolerated compared to valproate (p = 0.0006) and carbamazepine (p = 0.0006). Topiramate is better tolerated than carbamazepine (p = 0.02) and valproate (p = 0.03). Oxcarbazepine is better tolerated than carbamazepine in women (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: When choosing an antiepileptic drug, it is necessary to be guided by the principle: first the basic, and then the drugs of the next generations, in the future, rely on information about the tolerability of the drug. It is necessary to evaluate the therapeutic effect of antiepileptic drugs with long-term observation, and use the criterion of complete absence of seizures as an indicator of the effectiveness of drugs.

Long-Term Observation of Adolescents Initiating HAART Therapy: Three-Year Follow-Up

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Flynn ◽  
Bret J. Rudy ◽  
Jane C. Lindsey ◽  
Steven D. Douglas ◽  
Janet Lathey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Haart Therapy

scholarly journals Adrenal incidentaloma – diagnostic and treating problem – own experience

Open Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Pogorzelski ◽  
Krzysztof Celejewski ◽  
Sadegh Toutounchi ◽  
Ewa Krajewska ◽  
Tomasz Wołoszko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Tumor ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Adrenal Tumors ◽  
Hormonal Activity ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
Long Term Observation

AbstractIntroductionIncidentaloma is defined as an tumor diagnosed accidentally using imaging studies performed due to other indications. The aim of this paper was to describe the diagnostic and treatment problems experienced by patients with adrenal incidentaloma in a clinical practice.Material and methodsIn years 2009-2012 there were 33(16,5%) adrenal tumors diagnosed incidentally out of 200 cases treated due to adrenal pathology. The group consisted of 54 patients aged 27-77. In 15(45,5%) patients the diagnosis was made based on ultrasound examination, while in 18(54,5%) the tumor was visualized in CT/MRI.ResultsOnly after the diagnostics was finalized, in which in all cases no signs of hormonal activity were detected, 26(78,8%) patients were qualified for the surgery. In 7(21,2%) cases no indications for such a management were found. The latter group was followed-up and in all patients the indications for the surgery arose due to enlargement of the tumor or/and the existence of hormonal activity. Our observations suggest that the incident finding of adrenal tumor is an indication of long-term observation. The analysis of our material shows that all patients observed needed surgical treatment.ConclusionsThe small adrenal tumors under follow-up have a tendency to enlarge and acquire hormonal activity. Long-term observation significantly increases the costs of treatment in that group, which eventually results in surgical management.

scholarly journals Physiological and Psychological Assessments for the Establishment of Evidence-Based Forest Healing Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9283
Author(s):  
Sujin Park ◽  
Yeji Choi ◽  
Geonwoo Kim ◽  
Eunsoo Kim ◽  
Soojin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Long Term Observation

This study aimed to establish a health and medical foundation for forest healing programs and provide a basis for developing an evaluation system for such programs. While the number of visitors to forests and interest in forest healing effects are increasing, few studies have examined the various indicators of the persistent changes in forest healing effects. Therefore, this study conducted pre-, post-, and follow-up experiments on 87 health and clinical indicators in a sample of 88 adolescent participants. The relationships between pre-, post-, and follow-up experiment results for each indicator were analyzed. Of the 87 indicators, 46 showed significant changes, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, serotonin, vitamin D, CD16+CD56 count, interferon-γ, resilience, and self-esteem. The findings are significant for studying diverse participants and indicators and lay the foundation for developing forest healing programs by clarifying aspects such as the indicators suitable for short-term observation versus the indicators requiring long-term observation. Based on these analyses, the results of this study are expected to be useful when conducting research to establish an evidence-based forest healing program in the future.

scholarly journals Somatosound: A review with report of 9 cases with long-term follow-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-642
Author(s):  
Byung In Han ◽  
Ho won Lee ◽  
Sanghyo Ryu ◽  
Beatrice Lucciani ◽  
Ji Man Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
Sound Therapy ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Ica Stenosis

Somatosound (somatic tinnitus) is associated with vascular, musculoskeletal, respiratory, or temporomandibular joint disorders. Several studies of its management have been widely reported, but only few presented long-term follow-up results. The purposes of this paper are to review the causes and management, present cases with long-term follow-up, together with previously reported cases in literatures. We treated nine patients with somatosound of vascular, hematologic, endocrinologic, muscular, and cervical origin. Follow-up were conducted routinely, and the final results were collated in 3 to 11 years. Patients with non-life-threatening causes were given counseling and palliative management. Their tinnitus becomes tolerable, gradually decreased, and even disappeared. Patients with life-threatening causes were treated immediately. Among all, there were three cases which to the best of our knowledge, are the first reported of its causes. One case was caused by a compensatory of increasing blood flow in internal carotid artery (ICA) secondary to contralateral ICA stenosis. Another had a combination of anemia and an ipsilateral jugular bulb diverticulum. The tinnitus disappeared after the anemia treated. The last was patient with hyperthyroidism. The tinnitus disappeared by controlling the condition. Even when the causes are benign and the available treatments may carry risks, the patients should not be left unmanaged. Symptomatic treatment should be given, such as counseling, sound therapy, and palliative management. Our long-term observation indicated that overall outcomes are positive when the etiologies are identified early and managed properly.

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