scholarly journals On the weak impact of the 26 December Indian Ocean tsunami on the Bangladesh coast

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ioualalen ◽  
E. Pelinovsky ◽  
J. Asavanant ◽  
R. Lipikorn ◽  
A. Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Bangladesh Coast ◽  
Nonlinearity Dispersion

Abstract. The 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami damaged severely most of the Gulf of Bengal's coastal areas, but the coast of Bangladesh which stands at the edge of an extraordinarily extended continental shelf. This latter feature has been built through huge discharges of river sediments along the Brahmaputra and Ganges rivers. As a result of this enormous discharge, another interesting feature of the area is the deep underwater Canyon, connected with the estuaries, running NE-SW from 25 km off the coast towards the continental slope. We investigate here how these two geological features may have modified/perturbed the Indian ocean tsunami propagation and impact on the Coast of Bangladesh. For that purpose we have realized an ensemble of numerical simulations based on Funwave Boussinesq numerical model and a validated coseismic source. It is found, at first order, that the extended shallow bathymetric profile of the continental shelf plays a key role in flattening the waveform through a defocussing process while the Canyon delays the process. The wave evolution seems to be related at first order to the bathymetric profile rather than to dynamical processes like nonlinearity, dispersion or bottom friction.

Modeling of Tsunami Propagation in the Vicinity of the Southern Coasts of Iran

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidarzadeh ◽  
Moharram D. Pirooz ◽  
Nasser H. Zaker ◽  
Mohammad Mokhtari
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Makran Subduction Zone ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Impact

The extensive death toll and sever economical damages brought by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has emphasized the urgent need for assessing the hazard of tsunami in this ocean, and determining the most vulnerable coastlines to the impact of possible tsunami. In this paper the hazard of tsunami for southern coasts of Iran bordering the Indian Ocean is discussed. At first, historical data of tsunami occurrences on the Iranian southern coasts are collected, described and analyzed. Then, numerical simulation of potential tsunamis in the Makran subduction zone is performed and the tsunami wave height distribution along the Iranian coast is calculated. The Makran subduction zone is among two main tsunamigenic zones in the Indian Ocean. In this zone the Oman oceanic plate subducts beneath the Iranian Micro-plate at an estimated rate of about 19 mm/yr. Historically, there is the potential for tsunami generation in this region and several tsunamis attacked the Makran coastlines in the past. The most recent tsunami in this region has occurred on 28 November 1945 which took the lives of more than 4000 people in the coasts of Iran, Pakistan, India, and Oman. Here we examine the seafloor uplift of the Makran zone and its potential for generating destructive tsunamis in the southern coastlines of Iran. Several earthquake scenarios with moment magnitudes ranging between 6.5 and 8.5 are used as initial conditions for analysis. For scenario of an earthquake with magnitude of 8.0, propagation of tsunami waves on coastlines and wave time histories in selected reference locations are calculated.

Survey Results of the Indian Ocean Tsunami in the Maldives

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Fujima ◽  
Yoshinori Shigihara ◽  
Takashi Tomita ◽  
Kazuhiko Honda ◽  
Hisamichi Nobuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Myanmar Coastal Area Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tint Lwin Swe ◽  
Kenji Satake ◽  
Than Tin Aung ◽  
Yuki Sawai ◽  
Yukinobu Okamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Real Time ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
The West ◽  
Tide Level ◽  
The Indian Ocean

A post-tsunami survey was conducted along the Myanmar coast two months after the 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake ( Mw=9.0) that occurred off the west coast of Sumatra and generated a devastating tsunami around the Indian Ocean. Visual observations, measurements, and a survey of local people's experiences with the tsunami indicated some reasons why less damage and fewer casualties occurred in Myanmar than in other countries around the Indian Ocean. The tide level at the measured sites was calibrated with reference to a real-time tsunami datum, and the tsunami tide level range was 2–3 m for 22 localities in Myanmar. The tsunami arrived three to four hours after the earthquake.

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