scholarly journals The influence of edge effects on crack propagation in snow stability tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-257
Author(s):  
E. H. Bair ◽  
R. Simenhois ◽  
A. van Herwijnen ◽  
K. Birkeland
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Strain Energy Release Rate ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Test Length ◽  
Column Tests

Abstract. Propagation tests are used to assess the likelihood of crack propagation in a snowpack, yet little is known about how test length affects propagation. Guidelines suggest beams with lengths around 1 m for Extended Column Tests (ECTs) and Propagation Saw Tests (PSTs). To examine how test length affects propagation, we performed 163 ECTs and PSTs 1 to 10 m long. On days with full crack propagation in 1.0 to 1.5 m tests, we then made videos of tests 2 to 10 m long. We inserted markers for particle tracking to measure collapse amplitude, collapse wave speed, and wavelength. We also used a finite element model to simulate the strain energy release rate at fixed crack lengths. We find that: (1) the proportion of tests with full propagation decreased with test length; (2) collapse was greater at the ends of the beams than in the centers; (3) collapse amplitudes in the longer tests were consistent with the shorter tests and did not reach a constant value; (4) collapse wavelengths in the longer tests were around 3 m, 2 × greater than what is predicted by the anticrack model. Based on our field tests and FE models, we conclude that the shorter tests fully propagated more frequently because of increased stress concentration from the far edge. The FE model suggests this edge effect occurs for PSTs up to 2 m long or a crack to beam length ratio ≥ 0.20. Our results suggest that ECT and PST length guidelines may need to be revisited.

scholarly journals The influence of edge effects on crack propagation in snow stability tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1407-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Bair ◽  
R. Simenhois ◽  
A. van Herwijnen ◽  
K. Birkeland
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Strain Energy Release Rate ◽  
Critical Length ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Test Length ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Beam Length

Abstract. The Extended Column Test (ECT) and the Propagation Saw Test (PST) are two commonly used tests to assess the likelihood of crack propagation in a snowpack. Guidelines suggest beams with lengths of around 1 m, yet little is known about how test length affects propagation. Thus, we performed 163 ECTs and PSTs 1.0–10.0 m long. On days with full crack propagation in 1.0–1.5 m tests, we then made videos of tests 2.0–10.0 m long. We inserted markers for particle tracking to measure collapse amplitude, propagation speed, and wavelength. We also used a finite element (FE) model to simulate the strain energy release rate at fixed crack lengths. We find that (1) the proportion of tests with full propagation decreased with test length; (2) collapse was greater at the ends of the beams than in the centers; (3) collapse amplitude was independent of beam length and did not reach a constant value; (4) collapse wavelengths in the longer tests were around 3 m, two times greater than what is predicted by the anticrack model. We also confirmed the prediction that centered PSTs had double the critical length of edge PSTs. Based on our results, we conclude that cracks propagated more frequently in the shorter tests because of increased stress concentration from the far edge. The FE model suggests this edge effect occurs for PSTs of up to 2 m long or a crack to beam length ratio ≥ 0.20. Our results suggest that ECT and PST length guidelines may need to be revisited.

Nonlinear Approach for Strain Energy Release Rate in Micro Cantilevers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Kheyraddini Mousavi ◽  
Seyedhamidreza Alaie ◽  
Maheshwar R. Kashamolla ◽  
Zayd Chad Leseman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Strain Energy Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Rigid Substrate ◽  
Micro Cantilever

An analytical Mixed Mode I & II crack propagation model is used to analyze the experimental results of stiction failed micro cantilevers on a rigid substrate and to determine the critical strain energy release rate (adhesion energy). Using nonlinear beam deflection theory, the shape of the beam being peeled off of a rigid substrate can be accurately modeled. Results show that the model can fit the experimental data with an average root mean square error of less than 5 ran even at relatively large deflections which happens in some MEMS applications. The effects of surface roughness and/or debris are also explored and contrasted with perfectly (atomically) flat surfaces. Herein it is shown that unlike the macro-scale crack propagation tests, the surface roughness and debris trapped between the micro cantilever and the substrate can drastically effect the energy associated with creating unit new surface areas and also leads to some interesting phenomena. The polysilicon micro cantilever samples used, were fabricated by SUMMIT V™ technology in Sandia National Laboratories and were 1000 μm long, 30 μm wide and 2.6 μm thick.

Efficient Computation of Strain Energy Release Rate in Crack Growth Simulation

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Strain Energy Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Error Estimator ◽  
Efficient Computation

Abstract This paper utilizes an automated process to simplify the calculation of the strain energy release rate (SERR) during the crack propagation. The convergence of a finite element solution is achieved by adaptive re-meshing scheme with an error estimator of the linear strain triangular (LST) elements. As the desired mesh density is achieved, computation of the SERR using virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) can be obtained by using the static condensation scheme without re-analyzing the finite element models. Thus, the amount of computational and modeling time can be significantly reduced in the analysis of the crack propagation.

scholarly journals Simulating Crack Propagation of a Selected Structural Component of the PZL-130 Orlik TC-II Aircrafts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (6) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jankowski ◽  
Piotr Reymer
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Mesh Generation ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Strain Energy Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Geometry Correction

Abstract This paper presents the process of estimating crack propagation within a selected structural component of the PZL-130 Orlik TC-II using a numerical model. The model is based on technical drawings and measurements of the real structure. The proper definition of the geometry, including the location and size of the gap between elements, is significant for mesh generation. During the simulation process the gap is combined node by node. Each time, the strain energy release rate (G) is calculated. The stress intensity factor and geometry correction factor are defined for consecutive crack lengths, and used further on to estimate crack propagation.

Application of Virtual Crack Close Technique in the Static Crack Growth Based on Strain Energy Release Rate Criterion

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 3002-3008
Author(s):  
Chen Cheng ◽  
Shui Wan ◽  
Zhen Wen Jang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Strain Energy Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Energy Release Rate Criterion ◽  
Rate Criterion

A method to simulate the crack growth, according to the strain energy release rate criterion, with the virtual crack close technique, is studied. The virtual crack close technique is used to calculate the strain energy release rate. To achieve the virtual crack close technique, in the FEA software of ANSYS, COMBIN14 spring elements are adopted to set up the finite element model. Then this method to simulate the crack growth is validated by three crack growth problems. This method is a useful and accurate numerical simulation method.

On the Axial Rigidity of a Perforated Strip and the Strain Energy Release Rate in a Centrally Notched Strip Subjected to Uniaxial Tension

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Forman ◽  
A. S. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Strain Energy Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Elasticity Solutions

This paper presents theoretical studies on the axial rigidities in strips with circular and elliptical perforations and subjected to uniaxial tension. Greenspan’s original derivations on these axial rigidities [2] were improved by using the elasticity solutions by Howland [6] and Ishida [7] for infinite strips with circular and elliptical perforations, respectively. Finally, the correction factors for centrally notched strips subjected to uniaxial tension were rederived from the above results following the energy approach by Irwin and Kies [3].

Influence of Loading History on Delamination in Multilayered Beam with Creep

2021 ◽  
Vol 1046 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Victor Iliev Rizov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Strain Energy Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Loading History ◽  
Multilayered Beam

The present paper deals with an analytical study of the time-dependent delamination in a multilayered inhomogeneous cantilever beam with considering of the loading history. The multilayered beam exhibits creep behaviour that is treated by using a non-linear stress-strain-time relationship. The material properties are continuously distributed along the thickness and length of the layers. The external loading is applied in steps in order to describe the loading history. The analysis reveals that during each step of the loading, the strain energy release rate increases with time. The influences of crack length and location on the time-dependent strain energy release rate are also investigated.

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