scholarly journals “Castaways of the White Pleasure”: Six Decades of Hungarian Discourse on Narcotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Zsolt Nagy
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
The Hague Convention

In 1924 Hungary ratified and codified the 1912 Hague International Opium Convention, the first international drug control treaty. However, the new law that regulated and later criminalized the usage of narcotics in Hungary was not the result of internal debate and had no real domestic political will behind it. In contrary, this law was the result of external demands as Article 230 of the post-World War I Trianon Treaty required Hungary to join the Hague Convention. This paper examines what the contemporary Hungarian attitude towards drugs and drug users was. In order to answer how this attitude developed and changed, the following study examines how the contemporary media, artists and intellectuals and various governmental and non-governmental organizations discussed and represented the issue of narcotics.

Restitution of Jewish Cultural Property Looted in World War II: To Whom?

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Z. Blum
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
State Of Israel

The Hague Convention on Cultural property of 1954 prohibits the transfer by the occupier of cultural property from territory occupied by him. Under the Protocol annexed to the said Convention, the parties to it undertake to return cultural property transferred in contravention of the Convention to their countries of origin. These provisions arc clearly inadequate when dealing with Jewish cultural property looted by Nazi-Germany and its collaborators in the course of World War II. Jewish cultural heritage was usually considered as endangering the cultural heritage of the host nations and, consequently, subject to harassment and destruction. It would therefore seem inequitable to return looted Jewish cultural property (representing the cultural heritage of the Jewish people) to (those countries from which it was looted; the proper recipient of this heritage (also by virtue of the principle of self-determination) is the Jewish people represented by the State of Israel and the major contemporary Jewish communities around the world.

Adoption: Intercountry

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Smith Rotabi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
World War ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Orphaned And Vulnerable Children ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention

The practice of intercountry adoption is first considered from a historical framework, beginning with World War II, to other conflicts throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. In this historical overview, factors that contributed to the rise of the global circulation of children for adoption in the 20th century are discussed, as well as efforts for reform in the 21st century in response to problems of abuse, fraud, and exploitation and the development of policies to regulate intercountry adoption and ultimately protect children. Specifically, The Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption is presented from a social justice perspective, using Guatemala as a case example, as well as relevant U.S. policies regulating intercountry adoption practices. Finally, direct practice considerations for social workers are discussed. These include pre- and post-adoption issues to support families and children through the intercountry adoption process and across the child’s lifespan with considerations for trans-racial adoptions and the unique child-family support issues. In conclusion, the significant decline in the practice is reflected upon pragmatically; the need for true reform in the practice is necessary to preserve intercountry adoption for orphaned and vulnerable children.

Defining the Regulations of War in the Hague Convention of 1907

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erazak Tileubergeno ◽  
Dana Baisymakova ◽  
Dinara Belkhozhayeva ◽  
Zhanar Moldakhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Hague Convention

The Protection of Women in International Humanitarian Law

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (249) ◽  
pp. 337-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Krill
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
World War ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Special Protection

Since the number of women who actually participated in war was insignificant until the outbreak of World War I, the need for special protection for them was not felt prior to that time. This does not imply however that women had previously lacked any protection. From the birth of international humanitarian law, they had had the same general legal protection as men. If they were wounded, women were protected by the provisions of the 1864 Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field; if they became prisoners of war, they benefited from the Regulations annexed to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 on the Laws and Customs of War on Land.

scholarly journals Public health risk factors at music festivals: “Be Safe Lab” initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Beržanskytė
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Integrated Services ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Abstract Background At large public events such as music festivals there is an increased exposure to the risk factors as alcohol, tobacco and narcotics, unprotected sex, trauma and violence. Non-governmental organizations engage in prevention and support activities at such events. An initiative “Be Safe Lab” has developed in Lithuania to reduce the likelihood of adverse events due to harmful behavior at public festivals. Study Aim To investigate the experience of operating the “Be Safe Lab” initiative at Lithuanian music festivals. Methods In this qualitative study the data were collected from five “Be Safe Lab” volunteer staff using semi-structured interviews lasting in average of 50 minutes. The main guidelines were prepared and informants were asked to tell in general about the initiative, motives and reasons to develop the initiative, its goals and tasks, the questions that visitors apply to them, challenges and obstacles, personal experience in the initiative. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke (2013). Results The analysis revealed 6 main themes: principles of the initiative, variety of services, substance use harm reduction, changes of volunteers' perspectives, the role of teamwork, and initiative challenges. Conclusions The initiative has a number of strengths and challenges. Integrated services are provided not just to drug users, but also to other festival visitors who seek help or advice. The volunteer staff must have special skills, competencies and medical knowledge. The harm reduction measures for drugs and psychoactive substances used in the initiative are believed to be effective and attract music festival visitors. Initiative volunteers benefit both personally and professionally from providing services. However, further success of the initiative requires additional financial support, training, and collaboration with institutions providing emergency medical services at music festivals. Key messages Integrated services are provided to any festival visitor who seek help from “Be Safe Lab” specialists. The initiative volunteers benefit both personally and professionally from providing services.

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