scholarly journals VIRAL MUSICKING: AESTHETICS AND ITERATIONS IN ONLINE CONTAGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Clare Harper
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Cats at keyboards. Dancing hamsters. A photo of a dress, and videos set to “Harlem Shake.”  The above are recognizable as “viral” phenomena—artifacts of the early twenty-first century whose production and dissemination were facilitated by the internet, proliferating social media platforms, and ubiquitous digital devices. In this paper, I argue that participation in such phenomena (producing, consuming, circulating, or “sharing” them) constitutes a significant site of twenty-first-century musical practice: viral musicking, to borrow and adapt Christopher Small’s foundational 1998 coinage. In this paper I analyze instances of viral musicking from the 2000s through the 2010s, tracking viral circulation as heterogeneous, capacious, and contradictory—a dynamic, relational assemblage of both “new” and “old” media and practices. The notion of virus as a metaphor for cultural spread is often credited to computer science and science fiction, with subsequent co-option into marketing and media; such formulations run adjacent to the popularization of "virus" in philosophical models for globalization and pervasive capitalism across the late twentieth century, from Derrida to Baudrillard and Deleuze. In this paper, I seek to braid these lineages with the work of scholars reading cultural contagion through lenses of alterity and difference, situating music as a particularly felicitous vector for viral contagion, exceeding and preceding Internet circulation. Ultimately, I argue that viral musicking activates utopian promises of digital advocates, through the cooperative social operation of “sharing,” even as it resonates through histories and presents of racialization, miscegenation, appropriation, and the realities of porous, breachable borders, cultures, and bodies.

scholarly journals A comparison of bioclimatic potential in two global regions during the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria G. Lebedeva ◽  
Anthony R. Lupo ◽  
Chasity B. Henson ◽  
Alexandr B. Solovyov ◽  
Yury G. Chendev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Internet and Media in American Folklore and Folklife

2019 ◽  
pp. 597-624
Author(s):  
David J. Puglia
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Media ◽  
American Folklore ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The media of print, radio, film, television, and especially the Internet are subjects as well as sources of folklore and folklife. Following the rise of the Internet in the late twentieth century, and its proliferation in the early twenty-first century, bringing with it Web 2.0 and the performative folk web, folklorists increasingly turned to the Internet to research folk processes and compare them to the kinds of transmission in face-to-face communities. Digital folklore—with “memes” being most recognizable—flourishes online, and the Internet creates new traditional forms and practices. The Internet challenges long-standing assumptions, definitions, methods, and theories in what has been called the predigital or analog era. Folklore and folklife research of media and digital technology contributes to the broader field of communication and media studies by emphasizing the continued importance of informal culture and group aesthetics in technologically mediated environments.

Epilogue and Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
David Thackeray ◽  
Richard Toye
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Acute Crisis ◽  
The Way ◽  
Internet And Social Media

We explore the ongoing importance of election promises since 1997. Even if the way that promises are disseminated has changed with the growing importance of the internet and social media in campaigning, expectations surrounding manifestos remain roughly those that were set during the twentieth century. And yet the Brexit controversy has arguably created an acute crisis in trust in politicians’ promises and uncertainty about the authority of election manifestos. In the aftermath of the Brexit vote, manifestos enjoyed a more central role in the 2017 and 2019 elections than they had achieved at other elections during the early twenty-first century, not least because of the ambiguities of the mandate provided by the referendum.

scholarly journals From Dark Helmet to Kylo Ren

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garret Castleberry
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Fan Studies ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Star Wars ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Audience Responses ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This essay examines the culture circulating around late twentieth century and early twenty-first century media franchising with special emphasis on the Star Wars film canon. It charts the emergence of fan studies as one way in which scholars may assess, investigate, and theorize about audience responses to film franchises like Star Wars. It places special emphasis on anti-fan behaviors, introducing the dualistic terms fascistic fandom and franchise fascism as ways to denote the increased intensity of industry practices and fan resistance. Ultimately, I contend that parodic entertainments like Mel Brooks's satirical sci-fi features Spaceballs use the lens of comedy to accurately predict the zealous movement of large Hollywood studios toward a franchise-based distribution model. Furthermore, Disney's acquisition and subsequent mass distribution of Star Wars as an inclusive and ongoing transmedia global franchise presents a twenty-first century case study in understanding franchise fascism as an important primer to anti-fan behaviors.

scholarly journals M2 Models and Methodologies for Community Engagement:

IDEA JOURNAL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Elke Krasny
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Community Planning ◽  
First Century ◽  
Situated Knowledge ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The debate over both community and planning and the large issue of their coming together in community planning reflected the economic and political changes since the 1970s. In the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century socially-driven planning more broadly addressed the issues and concerns of what community is in a locally given context and in a globally transforming world. Lived difference and situated knowledge distinguish one community from another community. The effects of globalisation, neocolonialism, neoliberalism and austerity impact communities around the globe.

Continuing Visions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Social Activism ◽  
William Blake ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ridley Scott ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Protest Group ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Dead Man

The questions that drove Blake’s American reception, from its earliest moments in the nineteenth century through to the explosion of Blakeanism in the mid-twentieth century, did not disappear. Visions of America continued to be part of Blake’s late twentieth- and early twenty-first century American legacy. This chapter begins with the 1982 film Blade Runner, which was directed by the British Ridley Scott but had an American-authored screenplay and was based on a 1968 American novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? It moves to Jim Jarmusch’s 1995 film, Dead Man and Paul Chan’s twenty-first century social activism as part of a protest group called The Friends of William Blake, exploring common themes of democracy, freedom, limit, nationhood, and poetic shape.

scholarly journals Evaluation of flood damage reduction throughout Japan from adaptation measures taken under a range of emissions mitigation scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yamamoto ◽  
So Kazama ◽  
Yoshiya Touge ◽  
Hayata Yanagihara ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
First Century ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of climate change on flood damage and the effects of mitigation measures and combinations of multiple adaptation measures in reducing flood damage. The inundation depth was calculated using a two-dimensional unsteady flow model. The flood damage cost was estimated from the unit evaluation value set for each land use and prefectures and the calculated inundation depth distribution. To estimate the flood damage in the near future and the late twenty-first century, five global climate models were used. These models provided daily precipitation, and the change of the extreme precipitation was calculated. In addition to the assessment of the impacts of climate change, certain adaptation measures (land-use control, piloti building, and improvement of flood control level) were discussed, and their effects on flood damage cost reduction were evaluated. In the case of the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario, the damage cost in the late twenty-first century will increase to 57% of that in the late twentieth century. However, if mitigation measures were to be undertaken according to RCP2.6 standards, the increase of the flood damage cost will stop, and the increase of the flood damage cost will be 28% of that in the late twentieth century. By implementing adaptation measures in combination rather than individually, it is possible to keep the damage cost in the future period even below that in the late twentieth century. By implementing both mitigation and adaptation measures, it is possible to reduce the flood damage cost in the late twenty-first century to 69% of that in the late twentieth century.

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