scholarly journals Medical Humanities, Ethics and Legal Considerations in Palliative Care: Toward a Good Clinical Practice in End of Life

Author(s):  
Taufik Suryadi ◽  
. Kulsum
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Sangalli ◽  
Adriana Turriziani

La Sedazione Palliativa (SP), per il controllo dei sintomi refrattari alle terapie standard della fase terminale, è una pratica inerente alle cure palliative (CP), ma molti aspetti della sua applicazione restano oggetto di dibattito e confronto. È inevitabile e doveroso che la decisione di ridurre o togliere la coscienza ad un paziente, se pur molto sofferente ed in prossimità della morte, susciti emozioni e dilemmi clinici ed etici. In questo contributo abbiamo esaminato e riflettuto sugli aspetti principali e controversi legati alla SP emergenti dalla letteratura, lavoro che ha costituito la premessa per delineare un processo decisionale e linee guida procedurali interni al nostro hospice. Molti aspetti, a partire dalla definizione, all’indicazione, alle procedure per la SP non hanno ancora uno standard internazionalmente definito e condiviso, ma sono disponibili linee-guida e raccomandazioni internazionali che, seppur con basso livello di evidenza, sono strumenti indispensabili che esprimono la riflessione e l’esperienza di medici palliativisti esperti e preparati. Proprio per i sottili confini etici e clinici che separano la SP da pratiche eutanasiche, la nostra riflessione porta a ribadire la necessità che la pratica della SP debba essere condotta con rigore, attenzione e competenza e che cresca sempre di più la formazione di personale competente e dedicato che conosca tutte le fasi della procedura della SP, nella loro forma e nel loro contenuto. In termini etici è necessaria una seria valutazione del rapporto tra la finalità per cui si agisce e l’azione condotta, pertanto la modalità con cui si persegue lo scopo rivela le reali intenzioni che sottendono l’azione. Anche nel caso della SP seguire una precisa e condivisa modalità di procedura è atto fondamentale che ne rivela, nella pratica clinica, la retta intenzione. Ne consegue che tutte le riflessioni finalizzate ad una buona pratica clinica sulla SP, sono essenziali per garantirne la liceità etica. Con queste premesse, la possibilità di una SP può costituire “un continuum di una buona pratica clinica” basata su un’attenta ed empatica considerazione del paziente e della sua famiglia il cui benessere, dalla nascita alla morte, è priorità e scopo di ogni atto medico, in particolare nelle CP del fine vita. ---------- Palliative Sedation (SP), for the control of symptoms refractory to standard therapy in end of life patients, is a practice inherent palliative care, but many aspects of its application remain the subject of debate and discussion. It’s inevitable and proper that the decision to reduce or remove the consciousness of a patient, though very ill and close to death, arouse emotions, clinical and ethical dilemmas. In this paper we have examined and reflected on the main aspects related to the SP and controversial emerging from the literature, a work that formed the basis for outlining a decision-making process and internal procedural guidelines to our hospice. Many aspects, from the definition, the indication, the procedures for the SP still have no standard internationally defined and accepted, but there are guidelines and recommendations which, although low level of evidence, are indispensable tools that express the reflection and the experience of palliative care physicians trained and experienced. Precisely because of the subtle clinical and ethical boundaries that separate the SP to practice euthanasia, our reflection leads to reiterate the need for the practice of SP should be conducted with rigor, care and skill and to grow more and more trained staff and dedicated who knows the stages of the procedure of SP, in their form and in their content. In ethical terms requires a serious assessment of the relationship between the purpose for which it acts and the action taken, so the way in which the aim is reveals the real intentions behind the action. Even in the case of SP to follow a precise and shared mode of procedure is fundamental act that reveals, in clinical practice, right intention. It follows that all the reflections in pursuit of a good clinical practice in the SP are essential to ensure healthy ethics. With this in mind, the possibility of SP may be “a continuum of good clinical practice” based on a careful and sympathetic consideration of the patient and his family whose well-being, from birth to death, is priority and purpose of each medical procedure, particularly in the palliative treatment of end of life.


Praxis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 110 (15) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Teike Lüthi ◽  
Mathieu Bernard ◽  
Claudia Gamondi ◽  
Anne-Sylvie Ramelet ◽  
Gian Domenico Borasio

Abstract. Palliative care is frequently associated with the end of life and cancer. However, other patients may need palliative care, and this need may be present earlier in the disease trajectory. It is therefore essential to identify at the right time patients who need palliative care and to distinguish between those in need of general palliative care and those for whom a referral to specialists is required. ID-PALL has been developed as an instrument to support professionals in this identification and to discuss a suitable palliative care project, in order to maintain the best quality of life for patients and their relatives. Recommendations for clinical practice are also proposed to guide professionals after the identification phase.


Author(s):  
Abdullah Jibawi ◽  
Mohamed Baguneid ◽  
Arnab Bhowmick

The importance of the surgeon’s professional responsibilities goes beyond immediate good clinical practice into the wider purpose and values that underpin the profession. Acceptable levels of good surgical practice, as detailed in the GMC Good Medical Practice, requires a good understanding and a proper application of relationship and responsibilities with patients and colleagues, as well as other issues, safety and quality, clinical governance framework, providing references, and advising on sensitive issues, such as end of life management. Maintaining boundaries with patients should also be respected all the time.


2012 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Lawrence ◽  
Lindy Willmott ◽  
Eleanor Milligan ◽  
Sarah Winch ◽  
Ben White ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 082585972092343
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Galoro Corradi ◽  
Etienne Duim ◽  
Cibele Isaac Saad Rodrigues

Purpose: To evaluate the perception of attending physicians, medical residents, and undergraduate medical students about death and dying, the end of life (EoL), and palliative care (PC) during training and clinical practice, highlighting knowledge gaps, and the changes needed in medical school curricula. Method: Cross-sectional study of 12 attending physicians, residents, and undergraduate medical students randomly selected from a single teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, 2018. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcripts were coded in depth, and categorizing analysis was carried out. Results: Three topical categories were recognized: Negative feelings about death and the EoL, importance of PC, and gaps in curricular structure hindering preparedness for PC and EoL communication. Besides differing perspectives depending on their years of experience, all participants strongly endorsed that the current medical school curriculum does not train and support physicians to handle EoL and PC. Conclusions: Medical education plays a fundamental role in the development of knowledge and skills on death, dying, and PC. Such practices should extend throughout the course and be continuously improved after graduates move to clinical practice.


Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Hanna ◽  
Elizabeth Rapa ◽  
Mary Miller ◽  
Madeleine Turner ◽  
Louise J. Dalton

Purpose: Health and social care professionals report it challenging to have conversations with families when an important adult in the life of a child is at end of life, often feeling this aspect of care is the responsibility of other colleagues. This study aimed to understand professionals’ perceived role in family-centered conversations as part of routine care at end of life, and how to promote this element of care in clinical practice. Methods: An audit was completed with 116 professionals who work in palliative care including doctors and nurses that attended a 2-day virtual congress. Results: Professionals (73.2%) felt confident about starting a conversation with adult patients at end of life about important children. However, enquiring about relationships with children was largely dependent on the age of the patient. 64.7% of respondents reported signposting families to websites and services that provide family support. Most professionals (76.7%) wanted training to equip them with the skills and confidence to having family-centered conversations at end of life, with videos demonstrating how to provide these elements of care the most preferred option. Conclusions: Short training resources should be developed to equip professionals with the necessary skills toward having conversations about children with patients and relatives in clinical appointments. There is a need for professionals to ask every patient about important relationships with children.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1356-1362
Author(s):  
Laurence Tan Lean Chin ◽  
Yu Jun Lim ◽  
Wan Ling Choo

Purpose Palliative care is a philosophy of care that encompasses holistic, patient-centric care involving patients and their family members and loved ones. Palliative care patients often have complex needs. A common challenge in managing patients near their end of life is the complexity of navigating clinical decisions and finding achievable and realistic goals of care that are in line with the values and wishes of patients. This often results in differing opinions and conflicts within the multidisciplinary team. Conclusion This article describes a tool derived from the biopsychosocial model and the 4-quadrant ethical model. The authors describe the use of this tool in managing a patient who wishes to have fried chicken despite aspiration risk and how this tool was used to encourage discussions and reduce conflict and distress within the multidisciplinary team.


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