Metabolism Of Brain Signals On Human Sleep : a review of mechanisms of action

Background The global research shows that people suffer from a variety of sleep disorders and human actions are the result of neuronal function inside his brain, the feedback of this function can be received and processed as a signal emitted from the surface of the skull. EEG device can receive and record brain signals. Researchers have used a variety of methods to obtain and pre-process signals, extract and reduce the characteristics and types of classifiers in various studies. Research shows that there are three general states of wakefulness (stage 1 + REM sleep) and (stage 2 + deep sleep) separated by the EEG signal. Methods The study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 740 articles were found from scientific literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library ). After all exclusions, a final total of 64 articles were included in this review. The randomized controlled trials that have assessed at least one therapeutic outcome measured before and after intervention were included in the final analysis. Results A total of 64 studies were identified at the screening step. In the identification phase, total of 11 records were excluded from the further assessment and 53 records were entered into the screening phase in which Clinical Trial, Review, Books, Editorial were excluded from the review. In the eligibility stage, 49 records remained in the study where total of 34 studies were included for detailed review. Due to the heterogeneities in the available variables as well as the target aspects, the authors decided to review the studies comprehensively. Conclusions However, due to some concerns about its effectiveness, more targeted experiments are needed to identify more accurate targets and pathways responsible for the metabolism of its brain signals.

ID-PALL: An Instrument to Help You Identify Patients in Need of Palliative Care

Palliative care is frequently associated with the end of life and cancer. However, other patients may need palliative care, and this need may be present earlier in the disease trajectory. It is therefore essential to identify at the right time patients who need palliative care and to distinguish between those in need of general palliative care and those for whom a referral to specialists is required. ID-PALL has been developed as an instrument to support professionals in this identification and to discuss a suitable palliative care project, in order to maintain the best quality of life for patients and their relatives. Recommendations for clinical practice are also proposed to guide professionals after the identification phase.

Analysis of the Corrosion Resistance of Bronze to Aluminium (ASTM B 824) in a Corrosive Environment Controlled with an Artificial Seawater Solution

This paper presents the analysis of corrosion resistance of bronzes to aluminum in a controlled corrosive environment. Three alloys were studied CuAl4.5; CuAl7,1 and CuAl10,1 (ASTM B824), whose chemical composition was evaluated by spectrometry (OES). To determine its metal phases, chemical attacks were carried out with FeCl3, HCl in 95% Ethanol and FeCl3, HCl, CrO3 in distilled water. The microstructures obtained were characterized by metallography using two microscopes, an optical and a scanning electron (SEM) and the phases obtained were compared. Subsequently, electrochemical corrosion tests were performed on each alloy. The electrolyte used in the tests was artificial seawater (ASTM D1141) with a pH of 10 ± 0.3. Then, the corrosion products were characterized by EDS and SEM. Once the identification phase was over, the products were removed with a 50% HCl solution. Corrosive attack damage in each microstructural matrix was identified and corrosion rates for each alloy were evaluated. Finally, the corrosion rate data were correlated with the Al and Sn percentages of the alloy. The results show that the higher the increase in aluminum, the lower the corrosion rate, for a maximum limit of Al = 10.11%; Sn = 0.13%; CR = 5,170 mpy; In addition, it was shown that these alloys are effective for marine environments with high salinity. The correlation can be used to estimate the corrosion rate for different pH of the electrolytic medium of any type of ferrous or non-ferrous alloy whose variables are dependent on its chemical composition. Keywords: corrosion, alloy, metallography, microstructure, spectrometry, electrochemistry. Resumen Este artículo presenta el análisis la resistencia a la corrosión de bronces al aluminio en un ambiente corrosivo controlado. Se estudiaron tres aleaciones CuAl4,5; CuAl7,1 y CuAl10,1 (ASTM B824), cuya composición química fue evaluada por espectrometría (OES). Para determinar sus fases metálicas se realizaron ataques químicos con FeCl3, HCl en Etanol al 95% y FeCl3, HCl, CrO3 en agua destilada. Las microestructuras obtenidas se caracterizaron mediante metalografía empleando dos microscopios, un óptico y un electrónico de barrido (SEM) y se compararon las fases obtenidas. Posteriormente, se realizaron ensayos de corrosión electroquímica a cada aleación. El electrolito utilizado en los ensayos fue agua de mar artificial (ASTM D1141) con un pH 10±0.3. Sucesivamente, se caracterizaron los productos de la corrosión mediante microscopia SEM. Una vez terminada la fase de identificación, se removieron los productos con una solución al 50% HCl. Los daños del ataque corrosivo en cada matriz microestructural fueron identificados y las tasas de corrosión para cada aleación fueron evaluadas. Finalmente, se correlacionaron los datos de tasas de corrosión con los porcentajes de Al y Sn de la aleación. Los resultados muestran que a mayor aumento de aluminio existe una menor tasa de corrosión, para un límite máximo de Al=10,11%; Sn=0.13%; CR=5,170 mpy; además, se demostró que estas aleaciones son eficaces para ambientes marinos con alta salinidad. La correlación puede ser utilizada para estimar la tasa de corrosión para diferentes pH del medio electrolítico de cualquier tipo de aleación ferrosa o no ferrosa cuyas variables sean dependientes de su composición química. Palabras claves: corrosión, aleación, metalografía, microestructura, espectrometría, electroquímica.

Identification and Organizing of Yazd Eskan Neighborhood -2019

Introduction: Implementing any intervention in the community requires identifying and organizing the community as well as actively involving members of the community. This study was conducted to identify and organize one of the suburbs of Yazd in 2019. Method: This research was a community-based participatory research (CBPR), which was handled in the Yazd Eskan neighborhood. The settlement area with a population of 16,000 people is located on the western outskirts of Yazd. With the implementation of health transformation programs in the 11th government, first, the health base in 1394 and then Dr. Malekafzali Comprehensive Health Services Center in this area has been set up and started to work in 1395 to provide various health services to the residents of this area. Considering the potentials of this neighborhood, including high social cohesion and the existence of a dynamic and popular non-governmental organization, since 1396, this place has been a candidate for the implementation of empowerment and optimal development of neighborhood health (Tabassum project). The steps of implementing the optimal Health development plan (Tabasaom) involved five steps of area identification, organizing, empowerment, requirement assessment, and intervention, and action. In this paper, the identification and organizing steps are explained. Frequency and percentage were used for descriptive statistics. Results: The neighborhood of Eskan is among the marginal regions of Yazd province and had 4357 households and a population of 15948 people, as 5.51% male and 5.48% female. A total of 100 people in 50 clusters participated in data collection. Executive steps in the identification phase, the justification of stakeholders, and the whose census of most people population of the study females (51.5%), The age group 59.9-30 years old (40.1%), Diploma (27%), income10-20 million (Rial) (49.1%). 61.4% of females, 37.08% had the age of 50-30 years old, 28.13% BA, and 53.13% were housewives. In the area of organizing clustering of the region, the selection of cluster, the formation of the Community Health Association, the creation of thought, and the Credit fund was made. Conclusion: Identifying and organizing the community, especially in the suburbs, provides a transparent and logical process for the community to participate purposefully in identifying the problems of their neighborhood. Paying attention to the basic needs of neighborhoods can lead to better participation in neighborhood development.

The neurodevelopment of delay discounting for monetary rewards in pre-adolescent children

Children are found to exhibit high degrees of delay discounting compared with adults in many delay discounting studies, which might be due to the asynchronous development of “bottom-up” and “top-down” neural systems. However, the temporal dynamics associated with the two systems in the development of delay discounting processes are not well known. In this study, we chose two age groups of participants and adopted event-related potential (ERP) techniques to investigate the neural dynamic differences between children and adults during delay discounting processes. Behavioral findings showed that children discounted more than adults and chose more immediate choices. Electrophysiological findings revealed that children exhibited longer neural processing (longer P2 latency) than adults during the early detection and identification phase. Children showed less cognitive control (smaller N2 amplitude) than adults over the middle frontal areas, and they devoted more neural effort (larger P3 amplitudes) to making final choices than adults. The factors of reward amount and time delay could influence the development of delay discounting in children.

Identification of the Gray–Scott Model via Deterministic Learning

Gray–Scott model is one of the most well-known reaction–diffusion models which has a wealth of spatiotemporal chaos behavior. It is commonly used to study spatiotemporal chaos. In the paper, a novel method is proposed for the identification of the Gray–Scott model via deterministic learning and interpolation. The method mainly consists of two phases: the local identification phase and the global identification phase. Local identification is achieved using the finite difference method and deterministic learning. Based on the local identification results, the interpolation method is employed to obtain global identification. Numerical experiments show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

The Development of Sports Fan: From Self-Identification to “Diehard”

The following insight literature review describes the process that sports fans undergo in the development of their fandom – from the individual, self-identification phase to the mass-audience, communal experience and ultimately to the “diehard fan” distinction. Sports fans begin their fandom as individual entities who find emotional satisfaction in cheering for a particular team or athlete because those teams and athletes provide an important psychological component or addition to their lives. As fans’ connections to teams and athletes grow stronger, they seek out other like-minded individuals to share their emotions and feelings, which helps reinforce these attachments Thus, the communal experience in sports is born. The communal sports fan experience can also set groups against each other for the same reasons – the “us against them” mentality. The spread of new and social media platforms provides even stronger and instantaneous relationship building and maintenance opportunities among sports fans – enabling a “virtual” communal experience. The end result of fervent sports fans’ development is to become the most committed fan – the “diehard fan”. Keywords: fans, sports, group identity, self-identity, group values, diehard fan, communal experience

On the Use of Deep Learning for Geodata Enrichments

Data is the central element of a geographic information system (GIS) and its cost is often high because of the substantial investment that allows its production. However, these data are often restricted to a service or a category of users. This has highlighted the need to propose and optimize the means of enriching spatial information relevant to a larger number of users. In this chapter, a data enrichment approach that integrates recent advances in machine learning; more precisely, the use of deep learning to optimize the enrichment of GDBs is proposed, specifically, during the topic identification phase. The evaluation of the approach was completed showing its performance.

On Identifying Customer Needs when Selecting Service Enterprise Optimisation Techniques

The article covers the controversial issue on embracing the client-focused approach with regards to implementing optimisation procedures. The stages highlighted by business consultants are demonstrated and attention is drawn to the lack of a stage for identifying client attitudes towards optimisation measures. The opinion of business consultants is presented: upon the fulfillment of non-standard orders, the profitability of the business decreases. There is a contradiction between the need to optimise business operations to increase profits and the mission of the service enterprise; to satisfy the needs of the target customer group. In order to resolve the contradiction, it is proposed to introduce a customer needs identification phase into the optimisation process to inform the choice of optimisation techniques. The example of a catering company in Ekaterinburg shows the feasibility of selecting optimisation techniques based on an analysis of the reasons why customers refuse services. The following optimisation techniques were chosen: service format modification (the study was run prior to the pandemic outbreak), the optimisation of service assortment and personnel activities. As a result, new varieties of the catering service for the company were selected; menu options for different price ranges and target purposes were proposed; the introduction of additional services was justified. In optimising staff activities, it was decided to abandon hourly pay by linking it to the number of customers served, the complexity of the menu items, master classes, work at an offsite/stationary event, and the number of staff per shift. A new position has been added to the staffing table, allowing the company’s core staff to focus on the quality of their duties. The example illustrates the resolution of the contradiction between the optimisation goal of increasing profits and the principle of customer focus.